福建工程学院期末计算机网络复习精要.ppt

这个图不要求 网络上的两个程序通过一个双向的通信连接实现数据的交换，这个连接的一端称为一个socket。 4.3.3 The Ethernet MAC Sublayer Protocol Two popular Ethernet MAC sublayer frame structures： 1) DIX(DEC、Intel和Xerox公司的首字母) Ethernet V2 frame structure 2) IEEE 802.3 frame structure Frame formats. (a) DIX Ethernet, (b) IEEE 802.3. Mac address? A Media Access Control address (MAC address) is a unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communications on the physical network segment. MAC addresses are used for numerous network technologies and most IEEE 802 network technologies including Ethernet. Logically, MAC addresses are used in the Media Access Control protocol sublayer of the OSI reference model. MAC（Media Access Control或者Medium Access Control）地址，意译为媒体访问控制，或称为物理地址、硬件地址，用来定义网络设备的位置。在OSI模型中，第三层网络层负责 IP地址，第二层数据链路层则负责 MAC地址。因此一个主机会有一个MAC地址，而每个网络位置会有一个专属于它的IP地址。 MAC addresses are most often assigned by the manufacturer of a network interface card (NIC) and are stored in its hardware, the cards read-only memory. MAC地址通常由制造商指定的网络接口卡(NIC),存储在其硬件、名片的只读存储器。（） 4.7.5 Repeaters, Hubs, Bridges, Switches, Routers and Gateways We have mentioned repeaters(中继器), bridges(网桥), switches(交换机), hubs(集线器), routers(路由器), and gateways(网关). All of these devices are in common use, but they all differ in subtle and not-so-subtle ways. 或多或少有些细微的差别 These devices operate in different layers. (a) Which device is in which layer. (b) Frames, packets, and headers. 4.7.5 Repeaters, Hubs, Bridges, Switches, Routers and Gateways 1. repeater（） Repeaters are analog devices that are connected to two cable segments. A signal appearing on one of them is amplified and put out on the other. Repeaters do no understand frame, packets, or headers. They understand volts. 2. hub A hub has a number of input lines that it joins electrically. Frames arriving o