Big Bang, Big Crunch, or Big Problem – the Evolution of the.pptVIP

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2016-03-12 发布于广东
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Big Bang, Big Crunch, or Big Problem – the Evolution of the.ppt

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Big Bang, Big Crunch, or Big Problem – the Evolution of the.ppt

Introduction to Cosmology Cosmology Scientific study of the origin and evolution of the universe “kosmos” – Greek for “order” Based on laws of physics, incorporates chemistry, mathematics, and astronomy Foundations of modern cosmology 1) General Theory of Relativity (A. Einstein 1915) – describes gravity in terms of the warping of space-time by the presence of mass and energy. Many predictions have already been verified experimentally Precession of perihelion of Mercury Bending of starlight around sun Slowing of time in a gravitational field (gravitational redshift). Twisting of spacetime by rotation of earth (frame-dragging) Decay of binary pulsar orbit (through gravity waves, whose presence has not yet been directly observed) 2) The Cosmological Principle Matter in the universe is distributed evenly in all places and in all directions (homogeneous and isotopic), IF YOU LOOK AT LARGE ENOUGH SCALES (about 100 Mpc). Forcing the universe to be finite and static – enter the “cosmological constant” Einstein’s “greatest blunder” Abbé Georges Lema?tre, father of the “big bang” Independently of Hubble, he discovered the expansion of the universe, and proposed the universe began in the decay of a large radioactive atom. Some religious figures, including Pope Pius XII, embraced it as scientific proof for the Judeo-Christian origin story. Lema?tre himself struggled with the theological implications of his theory -As far as I can see, such a theory remains entirely outside of any metaphysical or religious question. George Gamow refined the idea Universe began in small, hot, dense state which has expanded and cooled over time. His theory named “Big Bang” as an insult by Fred Hoyle. Initial arguments against the big bang theory included a disbelief that the laws of physics could possibly be pushed back to the origin of the universe. There was also an antireligious backlash against the theory, which reportedly was part of the motivation for the rival steady state model. De