梁式桥竖向减隔震分析和的研究.pdf

摘 要 地震因其随机性、突发性和毁灭性而严重危害人类生命财产安全。2008 年5 月 12 日四川发生的汶川地震，引起了人们的特别关注。地震造成了桥梁等重要交通设 施的毁坏，切断了震区生命线，导致了巨大的经济损失。因此，对桥梁进行抗震设 计特别是减隔震设计就显得尤为重要。本文结合前人的研究成果，研究不同三维隔 震支座在不同竖向及三向地震波激励下的隔震效果，并对比分析其在刚性墩和柔性 墩中的隔震效果。主要体现在以下几个方面： 1．分析多维地震作用及其引起的桥梁震害； 2 ．分析常用隔震装置的减震原理及三维隔震装置的力学性能，对下文确定三维 隔震装置的力学参数提供理论基础； 3 ．确定减隔震桥梁的分析方法为动力时程分析方法，采用刚性地基假设，进行 隔震之前和隔震桥梁有限元模型的动力特性分析，进而分析不同隔震支座在竖向地 震作用及三向地震作用下对刚性墩梁式桥和柔性墩梁式桥的竖向地震反应影响，并 对比不同三维隔震支座的隔震效果。 结果表明，采用三维隔震装置隔震后桥梁结构的自振频率显著减少；在竖向地 震激励下，刚性墩梁式桥和柔性墩梁式桥的竖向地震反应减小；在三向地震激励下， 刚性墩梁式桥的竖向地震反应减小，而柔性墩梁式桥的竖向地震反应增大。且通过 对比可知，厚层橡胶隔震支座对这两种隔震桥梁的隔震效果明显好于铅芯橡胶碟簧 隔震支座对这两种桥的隔震效果。 关键词：梁式桥 刚性墩 柔性墩 竖向隔震 三维隔震支座 I Abstract Due to randomicity,outburst and truculency,earthquake did a lot of harm to human life and property.The WenChuan earthquake,which happened on May 12th ,2008, attracted special attention .It made the important transportantion facilities such as bridges to be destroyed, cut off the highways of the earthquake zone ,and resulted in huge economic losses. Therefore, it is important to make a seismic design for highway bridges, especially a vertical-directional seismic isolation design. In this thesis, the seismic iaolation effect of different three-dimensional seismic isolators in different seismic waves will be stud ied combining the previous research results,and the seismic iaolation effect of different three-dimensional seismic isolators which is used in rigid pier and flexible pier will be contrasted. It is mainly reflected in the following areas: 1. The multi-dimensional earthquake action and the bridge damage s caused by it will be analyzed. 2. Principles of common vibration isolation devices and mechanical pro