E原子的量子理论.pptVIP

2 Stimulated emission Before spontaneous emission, if the atom being its upper state is interacted by a photon, it will transit to its lower energy state and emits a photon.The emitted photon is identical to the stimulating photon in every aspect. It has the same energy, direction, phase, and polarization — stimulated emission 受激辐射. Characteristic: With outside influence, brightness is very high, realized optical magnifying. 受外界作用，亮度高，实现光放大 3 Population inversion 粒子数反转 Spontaneous emission play a leading role for common optical source.普通光源发光是自发辐射占主导地位。 Stimulated emission occupy the leading position for laser generator.激光器发光是受激辐射占主导地位。 When photon interacts with the atom, there are two kinds of process which are absorption and stimulated emission.当光子作用于原子时有两种过程即吸收和受激辐射. Absorption reduces the atoms number in lower state but stimulated emission increases the number of atoms in lower state.吸收使低能态原子减少,受激辐射使低能态原子数增多。 Two kinds of process go along at the same time.Which process will be in dominant depending on the numbers atoms in upper state N2 and lower state N1.两个过程同时进行，哪一过程占优势决定于高、低能态的原子数N2和N1。 Chapter 22 The quantum theory of Atoms §1 The experimental law of atomic spectrum §2 Bohr’s model of the Atom §3 To explain Hydrogen Atom by Bohr’s Theory §7 The physical significance of the quantum number and their interrelations §4 Wave-particle dualism of matter particle §5 Uncertainty relation（uncertainty principle） §6 The statistical meaning of wave function Schr?dinger equation §8 One-dimensional potential well §9 Laser Chapter 22 Quantum theory of Atoms In 1897，Thomson confirmed existence of electron with experiment.Then, electron was affirmed to be a part of atom. One of the central task of Physics was to exploring the mystery interior of atom. 汤姆逊从实验上确认了电子的存在。之后，确认电子是原子的组成粒子。物理学的中心问题之一就是探索原子内部的奥秘 In 1911，Rutherford proposed the nuclear model of the atom. 卢瑟福提出有核原子模型 In 1913，Geiger and 马斯顿 proved the