CancerGenetics讲解.pptVIP

National Cancer Institute Understanding Cancer and Related Topics Understanding Cancer NCI Web site: /cancertopics/understandingcancer * Cancer can originate almost anywhere in the body. Carcinomas, the most common types of cancer, arise from the cells that cover external and internal body surfaces. Lung, breast, and colon are the most frequent cancers of this type in the United States. Sarcomas are cancers arising from cells found in the supporting tissues of the body such as bone, cartilage, fat, connective tissue, and muscle. Lymphomas are cancers that arise in the lymph nodes and tissues of the body’s immune system. Leukemias are cancers of the immature blood cells that grow in the bone marrow and tend to accumulate in large numbers in the bloodstream. National Cancer Institute Understanding Cancer and Related Topics Understanding Cancer NCI Web site: /cancertopics/understandingcancer * Cancer is often perceived as a disease that strikes for no apparent reason. While scientists don’t yet know all the reasons, many of the causes of cancer have already been identified. Besides intrinsic factors such as heredity, diet, and hormones, scientific studies point to key extrinsic factors that contribute to the cancer’s development: chemicals (e.g., smoking), radiation, and viruses or bacteria. National Cancer Institute Understanding Cancer and Related Topics Understanding Cancer NCI Web site: /cancertopics/understandingcancer * One way of identifying the various causes of cancer is by studying populations and behaviors. This approach compares cancer rates among various groups of people exposed to different factors or exhibiting different behaviors. A striking finding to emerge from population studies is that cancers arise with different frequencies in different areas of the world. For example, stomach cancer is especially frequent in Japan, colon cancer is prominent in the United States, and skin cancer is common in Australia. What is the reason for the high rates