高转速对电主轴系统动力学特性的影响分析.pdfVIP

第 32 卷第 6 期 Vol.32 No.6 工 程 力 学 2015 年 6 月 June 2015 ENGINEERING MECHANICS 231 文章编号：1000-4750(2015)06-0231-07 高转速对电主轴系统动力学特性的影响分析 汪 博，孙 伟，闻邦椿 (东北大学机械工程与自动化学院，辽宁，沈阳 110819) 摘 要：高速切削的加工质量、加工效率与高速主轴系统的动力学特性密切相关，而转速对主轴系统的动力学特 性有着明显的影响。该文首先确定了由高转速所诱发的主轴系统动力学特性影响因素，包括离心力、陀螺力矩以 及轴承刚度软化等，并列举了围绕上述影响因素的相关研究成果。在此基础上，基于有限元法构建了考虑转速的 - 主轴 轴承的通用有限元模型。以某电主轴为例，分别定性或定量分析了离心力、陀螺效应、轴承的径向刚度以及 上述因素的耦合对高速主轴动力学特性的影响。该文的研究表明，主轴在高速运转状态下，轴承径向刚度、离心 力和陀螺效应对主轴系统动力学特性都有较显著的影响，在对高速运转状态下的主轴系统动力学建模时，必须考 虑上述影响因素。 关键词：高转速；主轴系统；固有频率；模态振型；影响分析 中图分类号：TG502.14; TH113.1 文献标志码：A doi: 10.6052/j.issn.1000-4750.2013.12.1192 THE EFFECT OF HIGH SPEEDS ON DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MOTORIZED SPINDLE SYSTEM WANG Bo , SUN Wei , WEN Bang-chuan (School of Mechanical Engineering Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China) Abstract: High-speed cutting machining quality and processing efficiency are closely related to the dynamics of a high-speed spindle system, and the rotating speed also has a significant effect on it. The paper firstly determines the impact factors of a high-speed spindle system, including the centrifugal force, gyroscopic moments and the bearing stiffness softening, etc. Then it builds the general spindle-bearing FEM considering high speeds. Taking a motorized spindle as an example, the effect of a centrifugal force, the gyroscopic effect, the radial stiffness and the coupling factors are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Finally, the research shows that the variations of bearing radial stiffness, centrifugal forces and gyroscopic moments, have significant effects on the dynamics of a spindle system in high speeds. Thusly, when modeling a high speed sp