孟德尔遗传减数分裂.pptVIP

Heredity Vocabulary You Must Know Heredity Dominant trait Recessive trait Self-pollinating Cross-pollination First generation (F1) Second generation (F2) Gene Allele Phenotype Genotype Probability Homozygous Heterozygous Incomplete dominance Homologous chromosome Meiosis Sex chromosome Pedigree Heredity Heredity is the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring Sounds simple but how can two brown-eyed parents have a child with blue eyes? Gregor Mendel Monk and teacher. Experimented with purebred tall and short peas. Discovered some of the basic laws of heredity. Studied seven purebred traits in peas. Called the stronger hereditary factor dominant. Called the weaker hereditary factor recessive. Presentation to the Science Society in1866 went unnoticed. He died in 1884 with his work still unnoticed. His work rediscovered in 1900. Known as the “Father of Genetics”. Terminology Important To Mendel Heredity: The transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring. Self-pollination: pollen produced by the plant fertilizes the egg cells of that very same plant. Cross-pollination: fertilization of a plants egg cells by the pollen of another plant. Purebred: If they are allowed to self-pollinate,the purebred peas would produce offspring that were identical to themselves. Traits: characteristics of an organism. Self-Pollinating Peas Mendel used garden peas for several reasons: Grow quickly Many different kinds Self-pollinating Able to grow true-breeding plant-- offspring will have the same trait as the parent MENDEL’S PEA EXPERIMENTS Mendel started his experiments with peas that were true-breeding = if allowed to self-pollinate they would produce offspring identical to themselves. Cross-pollination Mendel removed pollen making parts and added pollen from another plant. This allowed him to cross-breed plants with different charact