主谓语一致专题.docVIP

高考语法专题------主谓一致 一.概念: 　主谓一致是指： 　1） 语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 　2） 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 　3） 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语， 　　 一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。例如： There is much water in the thermos. 　　 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 二.相关知识点精讲 1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数，例如： 　 Reading and writing are very important. 　 注意：and连结时，，，，and ： The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 　 The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. 　　A. is　　B. was　 C. are　 D. were 　　　　答案B. 注： 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C。本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。 2. 主谓一致中的靠近原则 1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，： There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 　There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 2）either... or... 与neither... nor，，here, there引导，，： Either you or she is to go. 　Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 3.谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词组成的短语时，： The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating. 4. 谓语需用单数的情况 　1）由and连接做主语的两个单数名词，前面有every,each或no等修饰词修饰。如： Every student and teacher is requested to attend the meeting Each desk and each chair is made of wood. 2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。例如： The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 　3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。例如： Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 　 Ten yuan is enough. 4) 如 many a 或more than one+： Many a student has computers. More than one people agrees with you more+复数+than one做主语时，： More people than one have made the suggestion. 5. 　1）what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如： All is right.　 All are present.　 2），family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后，，： His fam