道路桥梁课程报告资料.doc

桥梁简介及其施工中出现的问题 摘要：随着科技的发展，桥梁工程在人们的日常生活中变得越来越重要，更多的地方需要靠桥梁来连接分隔两地的人与物。各种类型的桥梁也逐渐融入到人们的生活中，诸如拱桥、悬索桥、钢架桥等等，最让我赞叹不已的就是铁索桥，它的构造、施工都让我感觉巧夺天工一般。而作为桥梁的一个重要工程即施工也就变得尤为重要，在桥梁施工过程中要经济合理使用材料资源，严格执行国家现行的施工规范和国家批准的技术标准；要注意因地制宜，节省建设资金，就地取材等。另外，在桥梁施工过程中可能会出现种种质量缺陷，比如，桥梁出现裂缝，桥梁钢筋出现锈蚀等，这就需要施工工人和有关人员吸取经验，采取种种措施避免不良因素，保证桥梁质量。桥梁 施工Abstract: With the development of science and technology, bridge engineering in Peoples Daily life becomes more and more important, more place to need to rely on the bridge to connect the two separated people and things. Various types of bridge also gradually into peoples lives, such as arch bridge, suspension bridge, steel frame bridge, etc. The most let me with admiration is chain bridge. Its structure, construction make me feel general type. As an important bridge engineering is construction also becomes particularly important. In the bridge construction process to the economic and reasonable use of material resources, strictly implements national current construction specifications and approved by the state technical standards; Attention should be paid to adjust measures to local conditions, save construction funds, use local materials, etc. In addition, in the bridge construction process may appear a variety of quality defects. For instance, bridge cracks, the bridge reinforcement corrosion and appear. This requires construction workers and relevant personnel draw experience and take various measures to avoid the bad factors, and ensure the quality of the bridge. Keywords: bridge; chain bridge; construction; measures; quality. 0 引言 不知为何从小就对桥梁有一种亲切感，尤其是铁索桥，可能和小时候自己经常爬铁索桥有关吧。也许很多人都知道泸定桥的存在，其实不知在我的家乡也有一座小型的铁索桥，虽然它并不出名但是却给我们带来了很多利益。每次雨天桥下的河水大涨，这个季节人们要渡过这条河的唯一办法就是从铁索桥上爬过，唯有它给人们提供了便捷，更是解救了河两岸的人们。通过一学期的学习，我对桥梁也有了新的认识，所以以下的课程报告我就主要论述有关桥梁的问题。 桥梁 架设在江河湖海上，使车辆行人等能顺利通行的建筑物，称为桥。 桥梁一般由上部结构、下部结构和附属构造物组成，上部指主要承重结构和桥面系；下部结构包括桥台、桥墩和基础；附属构造物则指桥头搭板、锥形护坡、护岸、导流工程等。 ((( 桥梁指的是为道路跨越天然或人工障碍物而修建的建筑物。 桥梁一般讲由五大部件和五小部件组成,五大部件是指桥梁承受汽车或其他车辆运输的桥跨上部结构与下部结构,是桥梁结构安全的保证.包括(1)桥跨结构(或称桥孔结构.上部