化石能源发电与环境问题.pptVIP

Electric Power Generation and the Environment Health Physics Society Power Reactor Section History Of Electricity Static Electricity – Ancient Greeks Franklin Invents Lightning Rods - 1752 Faraday Discovers Electromagnetic Induction – early 1800’s Edison Invents the Light Bulb and Generating Stations in NYC – 1882 Tesla Invents Alternating Current Motor for Westinghouse - 1888 Faraday’s Law Moving a magnet through a wire loop produces an electric current. Called “electromagnetic” induction. Generator A generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy North America At Night Earth At Night Future Energy Need Energy Policy Goals Increase energy supply Optimize available resources Develop new technology Limiting environmental impact A Question Of Balance Pros Cons COAL HYDRO NATURAL GAS SOLAR WIND cheap and abundant but source of greenhouse gases clean but seasonal and no new sources cleaner than coal but limited supply renewable but expensive, low energy density, and intermittent Pros Cons NUCLEAR high energy density no air pollution reliable fuel supply but what about safety, security, and waste? High Energy Density Each person in the United States uses either: 4 tons of coal or a few ounces of uranium 1 pellet = 150 gallons gasoline 1780 pounds coal 16,000 ft3 natural gas 2.5 tons wood No Air Pollution Global Nuclear Power 442 Nuclear Plants Worldwide 25% in the United States Strong growth internationally, China is the fastest growing maket Source: International Atomic Energy Agency 103 Nuclear Power Reactors But What About… Safety, Security, and Waste? Designed, Constructed, and Operated for Safety Robust Security Used Fuel Storage at Yucca Mountain Safety By Design: Low “Enrichment” Fission “chain reaction”: E = m * c2 U-235 atoms fission. 5% in fuel, 95% in bombs. Safety By Design: Fuel Rods The uranium fuel is made of solid ceramic pellets. The fuel pellets are sealed i