翻译家 尤金.奈达.pptVIP

* 语言学家 翻译家 翻译理论家 1. His life 2. His translation theory 3. His works 4. Example ◆born in Oklahoma City, on November 11, 1914 ◆ graduated from the University of California in 1936 ◆ attended Camp Wycliffe, where Bible translation theory was taught ◆ became a founding charter member of Wycliffe Bible Translators, a sister organization of the Summer Institute of Linguistics ◆ In 1939, became interim pastor of Calvary Church of Santa Ana, California ◆ In 1943, received his Ph.D. in Linguistics from the University of Michigan ◆ was ordained as a Baptist minister ◆ 1943, married Althea Lucille Sprague ◆ In 1937, undertook studies at the University of Southern California, where he obtained a Master’s Degree in New Testament Greek in 1939. ◆ In the early 1980s, retired, lived in Madrid, Spain and Brussels, Belgium. ◆ died in Madrid on August 25, 2011 aged 96. ◆ In 1993, Althea Sprague died. In 1997, married Dr. María Elena Fernandez-Miranda 功能对等理论 Dynamic Equivalence or Functional Equivalence 所谓“功能对等”，就是说翻译时不求文字表面 的死板对应，而要在两种语言间达成功能上的对等。 在这一理论中,他指出“翻译是用最恰当、自然和 对等的语言从语义到文体再现源语的信息”(郭建中 ,2000 , P65) 。奈达有关翻译的定义指明翻译不仅 是词汇意义上的对等还包括语义、风格和文体的 对等,翻译传达的信息既有表层词汇信息也有深层 的文化信息。“动态对等”中的对等包括四个方面: 词汇对等,2. 句法对等,3. 篇章对等,4. 文体对等。 在这四个方面中,奈达认为“意义是最重要的,形式 其次”(郭建中,2000 , P67) 。形式很可能掩藏源语 的文化意义并阻碍文化交流。因此,根据奈达的理 论,译者应以动态对等的四个方面作为翻译的原则 准确地在目的语中再现源语的文化内涵。 Nida then sets forth the differences in translation, as he would account for it, within three basic factors: The nature of the message: in some messages the content is of primary consideration, and in others the form must be given a higher priority. The type of audience: prospective audiences differ both in decoding ability and in potential interest. (3) The purpose of the author and of the translator: to give information on both form and content; to aim at full intelligibility of the reader so he/she may understand the full implications of the message; for imperative purposes that aim at no