传感器第2章解析.pptVIP

第二章 电阻传感器 本章学习电阻式传感器的原理及应用，包括：电位器、电阻应变片、测温热电阻、气敏电阻及湿敏电阻等。 第一节 电阻应变式传感器 导体或半导体材料在外界力的作用下，会产生机械变形，其电阻值也将随着发生变化，这种现象称为应变效应。 电阻应变式传感器主要由电阻应变片及测量转换电路等组成。 （3）应变片的种类与结构 应变片可分为金属应变片及半导体应变片两大类。前者可分成金属丝式、箔式、薄膜式三种。目前箔式应变片应用较多。金属丝式应变片使用最早，有纸基、胶基之分。由于金属丝式应变片蠕变较大，金属丝易脱胶，有逐渐被箔式所取代的趋势。但其价格便宜，多用于应变、应力的大批量、一次性试验。 箔式应变片中的箔栅是金属箔通过光刻、腐蚀等工艺制成的。箔的材料多为电阻率高、热稳定性好的铜镍合金。箔式应变片与片基的接触面积大得多，散热条件较好，在长时间测量时的蠕变较小，一致性较好，适合于大批量生产。还可以对金属箔式应变片进行适当的热处理，使其线胀系数、电阻温度系数以及被粘贴的试件的线胀系数三者相互抵消，从而将温度影响减小到最小的程度，目前广泛用于各种应变式传感器中。 应变片主要性能指标举例 上表中，哪几个型号是半导体应变片？依据是什么？ 特点：结构简单、可承受很大载荷； 多种截面形状：实心截面、空心截面。 With noodle drying, water, flour and (depending on the type) eggs are mixed and shaped (e.g. in the form of endless spaghetti ?worms“). To ease shaping, the water content of the recipe is put up to 30 %.The drying process is usually done within a closed room where the endless noodles pass in serpentines. Air passes through, which is put to 60% rh and a temperature increasing from 70 to 120°C.The humidity is at 60% to avoid the noodle to become too dry (see upper drawing): Then inclosed water vapor makes its way through the dryed surface and breaks it.Too wet noodles, just like cheese, can mold and thus become unusable.After the drying process, water content is at 12,5%, the optimum value for cutting, wrapping and long-term storing. Whereever hygroscopic products (like paper, textiles, granulates or else) are produced, it is extremely important to control relative humidity of the surrounding air.This is because too dry air can cause static charge of the material, in extreme conditions the material can also be torn to pieces. And too wet air leads to wrong adjustment of the machines, thus wrong product quality. And moreover wet material, thus material of higher weight, consumes more energy to be processed.We have a number of good references for this kind of applications. For example painting lines. Today, more and more painting lines