结构动力学分析报告.doc

结构动力学问题 Chapter21 the Problems of Structural Dynamics 动力分析，特别是在地震和冲击波作用下的动力分析是工程设计中的一个重要问题。复杂结构的动力分析在过去是很困难的。现在应用有限单元法和高速电子计算机，已经可以比较正确地进行各种复杂结构的动力计算，本章阐明如何应用有限单元法进行动力分析。 Dynamic analysis, especially the dynamic analysis in the effects of earthquake and blast is an important problem in engineering design. Dynamic analysis of complex structures is very difficult in the past. Now with the finite element method and high-speed computer, dynamic calculations of various complex structures have already been performed. This chapter explains how to apply the finite element method to dynamic analysis. §21-1 运动方程 §21-1 Equations of Motion 结构离散化以后，在运动状态中各结点的动力平衡方程如下： After the discretization of structures, the dynamic equilibrium equations of each node in the state of motion are as follows: (a) 式中：{Fi}、{Fd}、{P(t)}分别为惯性力、阻尼力和动力荷载，均为向量；{Fe}为弹性力。 Here, {Fi}、{Fd}、{P(t)} are the inertia force, the damping force and the dynamic loads, which are the vectors; {Fe} is the elastic force. 弹性力向量可用结点位移{δ}和刚度矩阵[K]表示如下： The vector of elastic force can be expressed by the node displacement {δ} and the stiffness matrix [K] as follows: (b) 式中：刚度矩阵[K]的元素Kij为结点j的单位位移在结点i引起的弹性力。 Here: the element Kij in the stiffness matrix [K] is the elastic force caused at the node i by the unit displacement of the node j. 根据达朗贝尔原理，可利用质量矩阵[M]和结点加速度表示惯性力如下： According to DAlembert principle, the inertia force can be expressed by the mass matrix [M] and the node acceleration as follows: (c) 式中：质量矩阵的元素Mij为结点j的单位加速度在结点i引起的惯性力。 Here: the element Mij of the mass matrix is the inertia force caused at the node i by the unit acceleration of the node j. 设结构具有黏滞阻尼，可用阻尼矩阵[C]和结点速度表示阻尼力如下： The structure is assumed to have viscous damping, the damping force can be expressed by the damping matrix [C] and the node speed as follows: (d) 式中：阻尼矩阵的元素Cij为结点j的单位速度在结点i引起的阻尼力。 Here: the element Cij of the damping matrix is the damping force caused at the node i by the unit speed of the node j. 将式(b)、式(c)、式(d)代入式(a)，得到运动方程如