如何做好口碑营销？教案解析.ppt

C3H3Cl3的质谱图如下 2-Br-丁烷的质谱图如下 RI M–127, m/z 127的I+离子 醛、酮类 直链醛、酮显示有CnH2n＋1CO为通式的特征离子系列峰，如m/z 29、43、57 ……等 环酮的质谱图中可看到明显的分子离子峰。环己酮的裂解可产生M-CO、M-CHO离子，并经历H转移等较为复杂的过程，产生乙烯酮离子 具有γ－H的醛、酮可发生麦氏重排反应 羧酸 1．脂肪羧酸的分子离子峰很弱，m/z 60是丁酸以上α－碳原子上没有支链的脂肪羧酸最特征的离子峰，由麦氏重排裂解产生 低级脂肪酸还常有M－17（失去OH）、M－18（失去H2O）、M-45(失去CO2H)的离子峰。 2．芳香羧酸的 峰相当强，显著特征是有M－17、M－45离子峰。邻位取代的芳香羧酸产生占优势的M－18失水离子峰。 酯 羧酸酯进行α－裂解所产生的离子常成为质谱图中的强峰（有时为基峰） 酯也可以进行以下γ－H转移、β－断裂的麦氏重排 双氢重排：比麦氏重排多一个氢, 酰胺 含4个C以上的伯酰胺主要发生麦氏重排反应 2． 不可能发生麦氏重排的酰胺主要发生或N的α键断裂，生成（m/z 44）离子的反应： C5H12O MW = 88.15 Structure: ?????????????? IUPAC Name: 2-pentanol MS Fragments:  ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? The spectrum shows a small molecular ion and a small peak resulting from loss of a hydrogen atom from the alcohol. Loss of a methyl group gives the m-15 peak and loss of hydroxy radical gives the secondary carbocation at m-17. The base peak, not surprisingly, is formed by expulsion of the alkyl chain to give the simple oxonium ion at m/e = 45. C7H12Br MW = 171.04 Structure: ?????????????? IUPAC Name: bromomethyl benzene (benzyl bromide) MS Fragments: ?????????????????????????????????????????????? The spectrum shows two small peaks of equal intensity in the molecular ion region, strongly suggesting that the molecule contains bromine (equal concentrations of the 79Br and 81Br isotopes ). The base peak represents loss of this bromine to give the peak at m/e = 91, which is highly suggestive of a benzyl fragment, which rearranges to form the tropylium cation. Analysis: C9H10O MW = 134.18 Structure: ????????????????? IUPAC Name: 3-pentanone (diethyl ketone) MS Fragments: ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? The spectrum shows a moderate molecular ion peak, and a peak at m-15, strongly suggesting the presence of a labile methyl group. The base peak occurs at m/e = 91, which is highly suggestive of a benzyl fragment, which rearranges to form the tropylium