如何撰写英文摘要.ppt

In scientific writing,?IMRAD?(/??mr?d/) (introduction, methods, results, and discussion) refers to a common organization structure. IMRAD is the most prominent norm for the structure of a?scientific journal?article of the?original research?type. Steps for writing abstracts Revise your rough draft to correct weaknesses in organization. Improve transitions from point to point. drop unnecessary information. add important information you left out. eliminate wordiness. fix errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation. Steps for writing abstracts Other ConsiderationsAn abstract must be a fully self-contained, capsule description of the paper. It must make sense all by itself. Some points to consider include: Meet the word count limitation Avoid using weasel-words such as might, could, may, and seem Think of a half-dozen search phrases and keywords that people looking for your work might use Steps for writing abstracts The Abstract SHOULD NOT contain lengthy background information references to other literature elliptical or incomplete sentences (i.e., ending with ...) abbreviations or terms that may be confusing to readers any sort of illustration, figure, or table, or references to them 摘要中常见错误 从总体结构上 缺少研究目的 结果部分深浅详略参差不齐 添加不必要的自我评价 摘要中常见错误 从各个主要元素间的联系上 对 “论文主导”和 “研究主导” 不明确 语气不连贯 摘要中常见错误 其他方面 不定式或In order to 表示目的时 To examine how…, Linear regression was used to… In order to assess whether …, the …method was applied to… 30~36% 30 %–36% From 30 %–36% From 30 % to 36% 86±12 mm (86±12) mm 数字 英文数字和阿拉伯数字的用法 句子开头用英文数字而不能用阿拉伯数字； 单位是符号时一律用阿拉伯数字； 3 g; 6 m; 8 yr; 18 s 等 文字叙述中小于等于10的数一般用英文，大于10的数用阿拉伯数字，两者同时有的时候都用阿拉伯数字； 数字 英文数字和阿拉伯数字的用法 m = 5 kg； m = 5 kilograms; m = five kg; m = five kilograms; a 25-kilogram sphere； a 25 kg sphere; a 25-kg sphere; Keywords What is a key word A search term for people t