survey study.ppt

A survey study 刘晓晨 How to collect data in survey study? Constructing an instrument for data-collection Selecting subjects for the study Collecting data either personally or through correspondence Questionnaire Most widely used Consists of a series of questions the subject is required to answer Advantages: less time and less expense Disadvantages: lack of theory Criteria for good questionnaire Having high internal validity Taking a professional outlook Having high internal validity Items in the questionnaire must measure the variables you really want to investigate Example 1 Example 2 Questionnaire design process Include 9 steps altogether Selecting the modes of administration Specifying what kind of data you intended to collect (Example 3) Experience/ behavior (refers to what a respondent does) Opinion (refers to what a respondent thinks) Feeling (refers to what a respondent feels) Knowledge/ abilities (refers to what a respondent knows and what is he able to do) Background (such as the date of birth, age, gender, marital status) Tip Try to differentiate types of information clearly (confuse the respondent, validity) Example 4 Determining the way you process the questionnaire data 2 ways Individual items (less generalizable) Basic unit of the data analysis is an individual item such as frequency and the mean of one isolated item. Construction is simple and easy because without the involvement of conceptual categories Have limited value with its less generalizable feature Determining the way you process the questionnaire data In terms of categories (demanding and challenging ) If the data is based on categories, each of which contains a few questionnaire items, conceptual categories must be established. top-down approach (Example 5) bottom-up approach (Example 6) Deciding on the content of individual items One source is the items occurring in previous stud