有理函数的不定积分课程.docVIP

§7.3 有理函数的不定积分 (一) 教学目的:会求有理函数的不定积分.(二) 教学内容:化有理假分式为有理真分式, 拆分为分项分式, 有理函数的不定积分. (三) 教学建议:通过讲练结合,掌握拆分分项分式, 从而掌握求有理函数不定积分的方法.有理函数是指两个多项式的商表示的函数 其中及为常数,且,? 如果分子多项式的次数小于分母多项式的次数,称分式为真分式;如果分子多项式的次数大于分母多项式的次数,称分式为假分式?利用多项式除法可得,任一假分式可转化为多项式与真分式之和?例如: 因此,我们仅讨论真分式的积分? 先介绍代数学中两个定理:定理1 (多项式的因式分解定理)任何实系数多项式总那个可以唯一分解为实系数一次或二次因式的乘积: 定理2 (部分分式展开定理) 因此有理函数的积分问题就归结为求 和 P.298-304例题例1 将分成分项分式例2 将分成分项分式例3 将分成分项分式例4 求 例5 求 例6 求 例7 求 补充例题例 8 化为部分分式,并计算 解: 故 例 9 解:根据分解式(4-3),计算得 因此得 例10 解: 例11 解: 小结: 本节学习了有理函数的不定积分, 有理函数的不定积分总能用初等函数表示出来,有理函数存在初等函数的原函数(不定积分),有理函数的不定积分总能“积”出来作业:P.305 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Johns Hopkins University for the TC-1 cells. This work was supported by a National Health Research Institutes intramural grant (IV-103-PP-22) and grants from the National Science Council, which were awarded to Y.C. Song (NSC 99-2321-B-400-004-MY3) and S.J. Liu (NSC 103-2321-B-400-008). Author Contributions Y.C.S. and S.J.L. designed the studies. Y.C.S. performed the research and analyzed the data. Y.C.S. and S.J.L. wrote the manuscript. Additional Information C57BL/6 mice were immunized subcutaneously (s.c.) once with 1 μ g of peptide mixed with or without 10 μ g of CpG adjuvant. After one week, splenocytes were harvested, and the response of IFN-γ -secreting cells was determined by ELISPOT after 48 h of peptide stimulation. Briefly, 2 × 105 splenocytes were incubated with 1 μ g/ml irrelevant peptide or RAH peptide in an anti-IFN-γ -coated polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) plate for 48 h. After incubation, the cells were removed, and a biotinylated anti-IFN-γ Ab (eBioscience, San Diego, CA, USA) was added to each well. The plates were incubated at 37 °C for 2 h. Following the addition of the avidin-HRP reagent (eBioscience, CA, USA), the assay was developed using a 3-amine-9-ethyl carbazole (AEC; Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA) staining solution. The reaction was stopped after 4–6 m