氨合成塔催化剂层设计 毕业设计.docVIP

设计说明 目前氨合成的方法,由于采的压力、温度和催化剂种类的不同，一般可分为低压法、中压法和高压法三种。目前我国中小型合成氨厂合成操作压力大多为20-35MPa.本设计应该采用中压法，操作压力为32MPa。合成氨的生产方法主要包括三个步骤：一是选气，二是净化，三是压缩和合成。本设计是12万吨每年合成氨合成的工艺计算。合成氨生产所用的催化剂活性温度在400-500℃。一些小型合成氨厂合成压力在30MPa，空间速度选择在2000-3000每小时之间。从氢氮混合气体中分离氨的方法大致有2种：水吸收法和冷凝法。本设计采用冷凝法。一般含氨混合气体的冷凝分离是经水冷却器和氨冷器两步实现的。液氨在氨分离器中与循环气体分开，减压送入贮槽。贮槽压力一般为1.6-1.8MPa，此时，冷凝过程中溶解在液氨中的氢、氮和惰性气体大部分可减压释放出来。 合成塔进口气体组成包括氢氮比、惰性气体含量和塔进口氨含量。本设计中，进塔气体的氢氮比控制在3.074比较适宜。 循环气体中惰性气体的控制还与操作压力和催化剂活性有关。操作压力比较高，及催化剂活性比较好时，惰性气体的含量可以高一些。本设计中惰性气体的体积分数为15%。进口氨含量还与合成操作压力和冷凝温度有关。压力高，氨合成反应速度快，进口氨含量可适当控制高一些。压力低，为保持一定的反应速度，进口氨含量可适当控制低一些。本设计中氨的进口含量为2.5%。 本设计工艺计算总结：催化剂筐内径 φ422。合成塔催化剂总高6.550m。其中绝热层高0.78m。采用φ500扁平管。催化剂总装填量为0.714m。进塔气量175518m3/h。 关键字：合成氨，中压法，空间速度，催化剂    Design Notes The current method of ammonia synthesis, due to adopt the pressure, temperature and catalyst species, generally can be divided into low pressure, medium pressure and high pressure method three. Synthesis of small and medium sized ammonia plant is currently operating pressure of mostly 20-35MPa. The design should be used in the pressure method, the operating pressure of32MPa. Ammonia production methods consists of three steps: First, choose gas, and second, purification, compression and synthesis of third. This design is 12 tons per year of synthetic ammonia synthesis process calculation. The catalyst used in ammonia production activity of temperature 400-500 ℃. Synthetic ammonia plant some small pressure 30MPa, hourly space velocity chosen between 2000-3000. From the separation of hydrogen and nitrogen mixed gas of ammonia generally have two kinds of methods: water absorption and condensation method. The design uses a condensation method. General ammonia gas mixture separation by condensing ammonia cooler water cooler and two-step implementation. Ammonia in the ammonia separator and recycling the gas to separate decompression into the tank. Tank pressure is generally 1.6-1.8MPa, this time, the process of condensation of hydrogen dissolved in liquid am