基于PICF无刷直流电动机控制器设计详解.doc

摘 要 本课题主要介绍了用无刷直流电动机作为电动自行车的控制系统的驱动电机，以PIC16F72单片机为核心，实现对电动自行车用的无刷直流电动机控制器的电路控制。整个系统主要包括硬件电路设计部分和软件程序设计部分。硬件电路设计主要包括控制电路、驱动电路设计和保护电路的设计、逆变电路设计、电源电路设计。软件程序设计部分主要结合硬件结构设计了系统的欠压保护、过流保护和堵转保护。这样设计不仅实现了电动自行车的正常使用的基本功能，还提升了无刷直流电机运行的可靠性与稳定性，使电动自行车用的无刷直流电机具有更加持久的生命力。 经实验验证，本设计方案具有很好的可行性和优越性，即结构简单、效率高、调速性能好、无励磁损耗、运行可靠、维护方便等优点。对无刷直流电机在后续的研究工作中有一定的借鉴意义。 关键字：无刷直流电机；电动自行车；PIC16F72单片机；控制系统 Abstract This paper mainly introduces the brushless DC motor as driving motor control system of the electric bicycle, with PIC16F72 single chip as the core, the circuit of Brushless DC motor controller for electric bicycle. The whole system includes hardware circuit design and software program design. The hardware circuit design mainly includes the control circuit, drive circuit design and design of protection circuit, inverter circuit design, power circuit design. The software design part mainly with the design of the hardware structure of the system under voltage protection, over current protection and blocking protection. This design not only realize the basic functions of the normal use of the electric bicycle, but also improves the reliability and stability of the brushless DC motor, the electric bicycle brushless DC motor has a more lasting vitality. By experimental verification, the design scheme has the feasibility and superiority of the good, the advantages such as the simple structure, high efficiency, good performance of speed adjustment, no excitation loss, reliable operation, convenient maintenance etc.. The brushless DC motor in the following research work has certain reference significance. Key words: brushless DC motor; electric bicycle; PIC16F72 MCU; control system 引 言 直流电动机以其优良的调速和转矩特性而得到了广泛的应用，但是，由于直流电动机都有换向器和电刷，其间进行的机械换向严重的影响了电机的精度、性能和可靠性，需要经常维护；换相时还会产生电磁干扰，噪声大，影响了直流电动机在控制系统中的进一步应用。为了克服机械换相带来的缺点，以电子开关线路和位置传感器集成的电子换相取代机械换相的无刷电机应运而生。无刷直流电动机(简称BLDC)以其运行可靠、结构简单、维护方便、功率密度高、输出转矩大、动态性能好等特点而得到了广泛应用。无刷直流电动机