原创力文档Low-floor bus Flexible drinking straw Universal Usability Variations in physical abilities and physical workplaces Diverse cognitive and perceptual abilities Personality differences Cultural and international diversity Users with disabilities Older adult users Children Accommodating hardware and software diversity 1. Physical abilities and physical workplaces Basic data about human dimensions comes from research in anthropometry (the?measurement?of?the?size?and?proportions?of the?human?body). Thousands of measures of hundreds of features of people – male female, young adult, European Asian, underweight and overweight, tall short – provide data to construct 5 to 95 percentile design ranges. Head, mouth, nose, neck, shoulder, chest, arm, hand, finger, leg, and foot sizes have been carefully cataloged for a variety of populations . Anthropometry 1. Physical abilities and physical workplaces There is no average user, either compromises must be made or multiple versions of a system must be created Cell phone keypad design parameters – distance between keys, size of keys and required pressure evolved to accommodate differences in users physical abilities. Physical measurement of human dimensions are not enough, take into account dynamic measures such as reach, strength or speed 1. Physical abilities and physical workplaces Screen-brightness preferences vary substantially, designers customarily provide a knob to enable user control Account for variances of the user populations sense perception Vision: depth, contrast, color blindness, and motion sensitivity Touch: keyboard and touch screen sensitivity Hearing: audio clues must be distinct Workplace design can both help and hinder work performance The standard Human Factors Engineering of Computer Workstations (2007) lists these concerns: Work-surface and display-support height Clearance under work surface for legs Work-surface width and depth Adjustability of heights and angles for chairs and work surface
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