Ch.1Introduction解说.ppt

Others by their nature cannot: A tourist can only enjoy a foreign country’s beach by going there. Street cleaning services must be supplied on the spot. 无形贸易活动涉及的内容比较广泛，一般包括两类： 第一类：是从属于有形贸易的各种活动，如运输、保险、加工、装卸、船只修理等。 第二类：是与有形贸易无直接关系的各种活动，如金融、输出劳务、旅游等。 中国2010年成为世界第三旅游大国，接待9958万名海外游客，排在法国和美国之后。据世界旅游组织预测，到2015年，中国将成为世界上第一大旅游接待国、第四大旅游客源国和世界上最大的国内旅游市场。届时，中国入境旅游者将超过1亿人次，国内旅游将达到28亿人次，三大市场游客总量达30亿人次左右 。 （中国的名胜古迹特别多，例如云南在建设旅游省，新开发了香格里拉，还有摩梭人（纳西族）的泸沽湖。又如颐和园等旅游资源） 2. Favorable balance of trade and unfavorable balance of trade The difference between the monetary value of EXPORTS and IMPORTS of output in an economy over a certain period. 出口是指从本国输出商品和劳务的贸易活动。 在国际贸易值的统计中，国际货币基金组织曾规定，各国的进出口商品价格均应按离岸价格计算。但现实中，大多数国家却不是这样做的，而是将出口商品按出口国离岸价格(FOB)计算，进口商品按进口国到岸价格(CIF)计算。按照这种方法计算同一批商品时，出口国在出口时的价格要低于进口国在进口时的价格。二者之间的差额为国际贸易中的运费和保险费。 进口是指从国外输入商品和劳务的贸易活动。 净进口：很多国家在同类商品上既有出口又有进口时，如果一定时期内的进口量大于出口量，称为净进口；反之，则称为净出口。 Favourable balance of trade: trade surplus, positive balance of trade, EXPORTS IMPORTS. Unfavorable balance of trade: trade deficit, negative balance of trade, EXPORTS IMPORTS. Balance of trade: important part of the current account of a nation’s balance of payment. Factors that can affect the balance of trade: The cost of production in the exporting economy relative to those in the importing economy; Exchange rate movements; Multilateral, bilateral and unilateral taxes or restrictions on trade; Non-tariff barriers such as environmental, health or safety standards; The availability of adequate foreign exchange with which to pay for imports, etc. Business cycle: during an economic expansion. In export led growth (such as oil and early industrial goods), the balance of trade will improve With domestic demand led growth (as in the United States and Australia) the trade balance will worsen. A higher savings rate generally corresponds to a trade s