chapt01-Introduction要点.pptVIP

气候突变 模式 电影 新仙女木事件 2、海洋生态系统 黄鱼等鱼变小，捕捞乱一方面，也可能是环境变化改变了生物链 3、海洋减灾、防灾 大风、巨浪造成损失达100亿 环境预报研究 赤潮连年发生 International Observational Programs 国际大计划 Deep Sea Drilling Project – DSDP 深海钻探计划 /dsdp/ 1985, Joides Resolution Replace G. Challenger 1968, Glomar Challenger Goals: Theory of Plate Tectonics and much more… International Observational Programs The Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) 全球海洋通量研究 http://www.uib.no/jgofs/jgofs.html 目标: 1)研究碳在大气、海表、海洋内部的通量. 2) 对气候变化的敏感性 空间尺度: 从局地到全球 时间尺度: 从季节变化到年际变化 International Observational Programs The World Ocean Circulation Experiment WOCE 1990-1998 /wdiu/ International Programme on Climate Variability and Predictability, 1995-present /index.htm http://www.wmo.ch/web/wcrp/wcrp-home.html World Climate Research Programme /publications/other_pubs/clivar_transp/index.htm 世界大洋环流实验 气候变化和可预报性国际研究计划 世界气候研究计划 中国海洋科学发展 1860 建吴淞信号站 1898 青岛开始观测潮位 1912 设自记验潮仪 1922 海军成立海道测量局 1928 青岛海象台设立海洋科 1946 厦大、山大、海大海洋系 1959 中科院海洋研究所 1964 建立国家海洋局 1965 “东方红”下水 1976 “太阳红05”进入太平洋特定区综合调查 1984 南极考察，建永久性考察站 1995 “东方红2”开进青岛港 …… Homework (due Sep.21) What is Oceanography, or what can you learn from this course? Name several events (or programs) that are important for exploring the ocean since 1900. Pick one of the program which you are interested in, and describe it in details. * * * * * * Figure 1.34a: The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Marine science has been an important part of this small Cape Cod fishing community since Spencer Fullerton Baird, then assistant secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, established the U.S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries there in 1871. The Marine Biological Laboratory was founded in 1888, the Oceanographic Institution in 1930. The institution buildings seen here surround calm Eel Pond. * * Figure 1.1: The relative amount of water in various locations on or near Earth’s surface. More than 97% of the water lies in the ocean. Of all water at E