chapter9 History (America)要点.pptVIP

Chapter 9 History 1 America in the Colonial Era Chapter 9 American History I. America in the Colonial Era II. The American War of Independence III. The American Civil War IV. America in the 20th Century V. America in the 21st Century Colonization of North America (1607-1776) Indians: The “first Americans” The Discovery of the New World PS: Why did the early settlers come to America? Opportunity It drew English merchants who dreamed of establishing great new estates out of the wildness 梦想在荒野上创立更多的庄园 . It drew carpenters, bakers, tailors and other skilled workmen who could not find job in England木匠、烤面包师、裁缝和其它技术工人 . It drew the poor and the homeless from farmlands and villages.欧洲农场和村庄里的人和无家可归的人们 It drew many English in search of religious freedom The Founding of the 13 Colonies The first English colony in America was founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607; known as the mother state Between 1607 and 1733 the British established 13 colonies along the east coast of North America. Elsewhere in North America, the French controlled Canada and Louisiana, which included the vast Mississippi River watershed. Seven Years’ War (French and Indian War) 1756--1763 England gained control of Canada and all of North America east of the Mississippi in 1763. 殖民地议会仍信奉英王乔治三世，不过他们追求与英国国会同等的地位，并不想成为英国的次等公民，但是此时英法的七年战争结束，急于巩固领土，使向北美殖民地人民征租重税及英王乔治三世一改放任政策，主张高压手段。因此引发殖民地人民反抗，如“没有代表就不纳税”宣言、“波士顿惨案”、“不可容忍的法案”等。 England and its colonies were in conflict. England 1.New taxes--- defray the cost of fighting a war against France. 新税— 支付对与法国的战争费用。 2.lodge British soldiers in their homes. 希望美国让英国士兵寄存在他们的土地上。 Colonist殖民者: Resent the taxes 怨恨税收 Not allow the soldiers to stay in their homes.不允许英国士兵呆在他们的领土上。 “No taxation without representation” 没有代表权就不纳税。 Chapter 9 History 2 The War of Independence The American War of Independence What were the causes of the War of Independence? Britain’s colonial policy 英国的殖民政策 The economy in the 13 colonies developed very fast The British govern