06Chapter06-竞争程序.ppt

竞争Competition 市场结构Market Structure 　　　指一个行业中厂商的绝对数量以及相对大小的概念。The number and relative size of firms in an industry. 市场结构Market Structures 竞争性厂商Competitive Firm 　　　完全竞争厂商不能支配市场。A perfectly competitive firm is one without market power. 厂商不能左右其产品价格。It is not able to alter the market price of the good it produces. 谷物市场是完全竞争市场的例子。A corn farmer is an example of a perfectly competitive firm. 竞争市场Competitive Market 　　　在完全竞争市场中，任何生产者消费者都不能控制该市场。A competitive market is one in which no buyer or seller has market power. 高技术的电子产品和农产品在竞争性市场上销售。High tech electronics and agricultural goods are sold in competitive markets. 垄断Monopoly 　　　垄断指单独一家企业提供了某种商品或服务的全部供给。A monopoly firm is one that produces the entire market supply of a particular good or service. 你们的地方有线电视公司就是垄断的一个例子。Your local cable TV company is an example of a monopoly firm. 市场支配力Market Power 　　　市场支配力是指改变市场商品或服务价格的能力。Market power is the ability to alter the market price of a good or service. 你们大学书店有市场支配力。Your campus book store has market power. 不完全竞争Imperfect Competition 　　　不完全竞争介于垄断和完全竞争之间。Imperfect competition is between the extremes of monopoly and perfect competition. 不完全竞争Imperfect Competition 　　双寡头是指只有两家企业提供产出。In duopoly only two firms supply a particular product. 不完全竞争Imperfect Competition 　　　垄断竞争指许多企业共同市场本质上相同的商品，但不同品牌的产品有差异。In monopolistic competition many firms supply essentially the same product but each has brand loyalty. 完全竞争Perfect Competition 　　　完全竞争性厂商几乎都不知名。Perfectly competitive firms are pretty much faceless. 　　　他们没有商标，也没有实际的市场识别标志。They have no brand image, no real market recognition. 完全竞争Perfect Competition 　　完全竞争厂商是：（A perfectly competitive firm is one . . .） 价格接受者Price Takers 　　完全竞争厂商是价格的接受者。A perfectly competitive firm is a price taker. 　　个别厂商的产出不会影响市场价格。Individual firms output decisions do not affect the market price. 价格接受者Price Takers 　　　个别厂商必须接受市场价格，并在此约束下尽可能做到最好。Individual firms must take the market price and do the best they can within these constraints. 市场需求和企业需求Market Demand