2015-2016学年高二英语讲练（人教版）：Book 5 Unit 5 Grammar（省略） .docVIP

GRAMMAR 省略 在英语中，为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省略句中的一个或几个句子成分，这种语法现象称为省略。 【语境展示】阅读下面几组句子，注意并归纳其中省略的用法。 1. a. (You) Have a pleasant journey. b. (Has) Everybody gone? c. —(You) Show me your essay please. —I’ll show you (my essay) later. d. (He is) A nice man, isn’t he? e. —George isn’t coming. 梂hy (isns’t he coming)? 2. a. I work in a factory and my sister (works) on a farm. b. She can’t speak French and I can’t (speak French) either. 3. a. The letter (that / which) I received from him yesterday is very important. b. The man (that / who / whom) I saw just now is called Smith. 4. a. When (he was) rescued, he was almost dead. b. If (you are) in doubt, you can ask at your local library. c. Although (he is) still young, he is going very grey. d. Ring me at home if (it is) necessary. 5. a. I don’t believe (that) he ever said such a thing. b. The passengers were told (that) their plane was about to take off and that they should fasten their seatbelts. 【】 which, whom, who（第3组句子）。 ★状语从句中的省略 在状语从句中，如从句的主语与主句的主语一致，谓语中又包含动词be时，可以省略主语和动词be；状语从句中作主语的代词it以及动词be也可以省略（第4组句子）。 ★宾语从句中的省略 在宾语从句中，连词that一般可以省略；但宾语从句中包含that引导的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句时，那么通常只有第________个that可以省略（第5组句子）。 【注意】 ①当先行词为the way时，从句可用that或in which引导，that或in which也常被省略。如： I love to watch the way (that / in which) she plays with the children. ②关系代词作介词的宾语，且介词置于关系代词之前时，关系代词不可省略。如： The friend with whom I was traveling spoke Spanish. ③有时可用so或not代替上文的内容，这并不构成省略，但也起到省略的作用。如： —Will we get paid this week? —I certainly hope so! (I certainly hope we will get paid this week!) I think I can fix it tomorrow. If not (If I can’t finish it tomorrow), you’ll have to wait till Friday. 【拓展】 动词不定式中为了避免重复，常省去前文出现过的相同部分，只保留不定式符号to；但如果不定式结构中含有be，have，have been时You can drive today if you want to (drive). —Are you a teacher now? —No, but I used to be (a teacher). 【即学即练____________________________________________________________ 2. While he was in college, he was an excellent athlete. ____________________________________________________________ 3. She cou