被动语态语法归纳.docVIP

被动语态语法归纳(Passive Voice) 概念： 英语有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成。被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成。一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态，汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动含义。 ? 构成： 被动语态由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问句和否定句的变化形式也是如此。各种时态形式表如下： ? 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 现在 am/is/are+P.P.(过去分词) am/is/are+being+P.P. has/have+been+P.P. 过去 was/were+P.P. was/were+being+P.P. had+been+P.P. 将来 shall/will+be+P.P. ? ? 另：含有情态动词的被动语态构成为“情态动词+be+P.P.” ??? 不定式的被动语态构成为“to be done” 1. English is spoken in many countries. (一般现在时) 2. Who was this article written by? (一般过去时) 3. An important meeting will be held in our school. (一般将来时) 4. A new bridge is being built in the city. (现在进行时) 5. Everything has been done by him so far. (现在完成时) 6. Something must be done to protect wild animals. (情态动词) ? 使用范围： ①不知道或不必指出动作的执行者 ??? These books are written for children. / We were asked to sing a song. 强调动作的承受者，这时可带有by引起的短语。 ??? More trees must be planted by us next year. ??? A new machine was invented by Uncle Wang last month. 当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态 ??? The whole village was washed away by the flood. 表示客观的说明常用“It’s +过去分词”句型。 ??? It is said that Lucy has gone abroad. ??? 这类句型有： ??? It’s said that ….据说…… ??? It’s reported that….据报道…… ??? It’s believed that….大家相信…… ? 主动变被动4大步骤： 1、把原主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态中的主语，如为代词，宾格形式须变为主格形式。 2、把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持 ????? 不变。 3、原主动语态中的主语如需要则放在by后面变成by的宾语，如为代词，主格形式须变为宾格形式， ???? 如不需要则可省略。 4、其它成分（定语、状语）不变。 ????? Everybody likes this girl. ---- This girl is liked by everybody. ????? He wrote a letter. ---- A letter was written by him. ? 被动语态注意事项： 1、不定式符号to在被动语态中不可省。在主动语态中，如果感官动词和使役动词后面的宾语补足语是动词，这个动词前往往不带to，但在被动语态中要带to。 I saw him climb up the hill.??? He was seen to climb up the hill. We heard him sing in his room just now. He was heard to sing in his room just now. ? 2、主动语态中若有两个宾语，变为被动语态时，只将其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个宾语不变。主动结构中的间接宾语变为主语时，直接宾语仍然保留在谓语后面；直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前通常加上介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定，常为for或to 。 例如： 1.???????? We gave him some books. ??????????? He was given some