unitTermsofPrice材料.ppt

Hard Currency 硬通货 （硬货币） --reliable and stable and more in demand Soft Currency 软通货（软货币） -- not reliable, unstable and less in demand Floating Exchange Rate 浮动汇率 Fixed Exchange Rate 固定汇率 Hedge 对冲/套期保值 Cover 平仓，补进 Forward market 期货市场，远期市场 Spot market 现货市场，即期市场 Forward contract 期货合同，远期合同 Brokerage houses 经纪行 Use of Commission and Discount佣金和折扣 Commission: the money received by an agent for his intermediary services. Commission may be expressed as: 每公吨335美元CIF伦敦包括2%佣金 US$335 per metric ton CIFC2% London US$335 per metric ton CIF London including your commission 2% Commission Formula 佣金=含佣价（发票金额）×佣金率 净价= 含佣价（发票金额）- 佣金 净价 含佣价 = -------------------- 1 – 佣金率 Calculations 2 The seller’s offer is “USD$1000 per M/T CIF C3%, NY”. How much is the commission ? How much is the seller’s real income ? Answer : Commission = $1000×3%= $30 Seller’s real income = $1000- $30= $970 Calculations 3 我某出口商品每公斤100美元CFRC２％纽约。试计算CFR净价和佣金各为若干？如对方要求将佣金增加到５％，我可同意，但出口净收入不能减少，试问CFRC５％应报何价？ 净价＝含佣价×（１－佣金率） ＝100×（１－２％） ＝９８美元／公斤 佣金＝２美元／公斤 将佣金增加到５％，则： ? 净价 ９８ 含佣价＝────＝────＝１０３．２美元／公斤 １－佣金率 １－５％ Discount Quantity discount, cash discount and special discount Ways of expressing discount: CIF 伦敦每公吨200美元，折扣3% US$200 per Metric ton CIF London Less 3% discount US$200 per Metric ton CIF London including 3% discount Calculation of Discount Amount of discount == original price (including discount) X discount rate Calculations 4 The seller’s offer is “USD$1000 per M/T CIF NY, including 2% discount”. How much is the discount ? How much is the seller’s real income ? Answer: Discount = $1000×2%= $20 Real income = $1000- $20= $980 * *  * * * * * * * * * * * Chapter 9 Terms of Price Rong Peijue What is Price? Price is the amount of money that is needed to acquire some combination of a product and its accompanying services. Price is also a critical ingredient in consumer evaluation of the produc