汉译英时的省译.pptVIP

增减译 增译法（Amplification）  英译汉时的增词情况 The atmosphere moderates daytime temperature and retards night heat loss. The frequency, wave length and speed of sound are closely related. 根据语法需要增词 英语和汉语在语法方面差异很大， 比如英语有数的变化、有时态、语态、语气变化、有情态的变化（我们常称为三态一气），而汉语这样的变化很少， 如时态，只用着、了、过就解决了。在翻译中我们要注意这些差别， 把英语中的数和三态一气等体现出来。例如： It seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosity. They are leading a happy life. Since the industrial revolution began the physical science has in general been in the forefront of the scientific movement. Had we known it in time, we would have prevented the accident. 重复（Repetition） 为了明确重复 3. He became an oil baron---all by himself. But there had been too much publicity about my case. 汉译英时的增词情况 汉译英也有增词法，称“词的增补”。概括起来，汉译英需要增补的有下列9种情况。 ⑴汉语无主语视情况补出主语 例：接到你的来信，非常高兴。 I was very glad to have received your letter. ⑵增补物主代词 汉语里物主代词用得少，而且常常不用出现，但英语里凡说到一个人的器官和归他所有的或与他有关的事物时，总要在前面加上物主代词。 例：我们响应政府号召。 We respond to the call of our government. ⑶增补作宾语的代词 按习惯，汉语常常可省略宾语，但英语里，凡及物动词都得有宾语。 例：请原谅，打断你一下。 Excuse me for interrupting you. ⑷增补连词 汉语有 意合特点，即词、词组、分句或句子之间的关系可以通过上下文及语序来表示，较少用连词，但英语注意形合，连词不能少。 例：虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. ⑸增补介词 英语句子十有八九都少不了介词。汉语中不需要介词的地方，它也要。所以，汉译英时注意补介词。 例：这些书，你们五个人分。 Divide these books among the five of you. ⑹增补冠词 汉语里无冠词。有冠词是英语的特点之一，名词前一般都有冠词，汉译英时要增补冠词。 例：我们对问题要作全面的分析，才能解决得妥当。 We must make a comprehensive analysis of a problem before we solve it properly. ⑺增补暗含的词语 由于习惯问题，汉语中有些词不需明言，意思都很清楚，但译成英语时，如果不补则意思不明，甚至会引起误会，这是应视情况补上适当的词。 例：要提倡顾全大局。 We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration. ⑻增补概括性的词语 例：黄金白银，坚甲利兵，并非构成大国的要素。 Gold and silver, a strong army and powerful weapons---these are not the elements that constitute a great nation. ⑼增补注释性词语 汉语中的典故、谚语、政治名词、术语和简化说法，译时往往要适当加注释性词语。 例：三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。 Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the master mind. Practice 1. We have to analyze and solve problems. 3. Water can be decomposed by energy, a c