词汇学词义的分类及重点.pptVIP

Week 8 Sandy Outline 词义的分类 词义的分析 1 Types of Word Meaning词义的分类 词义分类的理论依据 Word meaning is made up of various components which are interrelated and interdependent. These components are commonly described as types of meaning. 词义由各种相互联系与相互依存的不同成分组成，这些成分就是词义的种类。 1. Grammatical Meaning Lexical Meaning语法意义词汇意义 Grammatical meaning indicates grammatical concept or relationships such as part of speech of words, singular and plural meaning of nouns, tense meaning of verbs and their inflectional paradigm. 语法意义指词义中表示语法概念或关系的那部分意义。例如词类、名词的单复数、动词的时态意义及它们的屈折形式。 For example girls, winters, tables, joys We notice that word-forms, though denoting different objects of reality, have something in common. This common element is the grammatical meaning of plurality. Lexical meaning is the meaning of an isolated word in a dictionary. This component of meaning is identical in all the forms of the word. 林承璋：词汇意义是词典中一个独立词的意义。在该词的所有形式中，其词汇意义相同。 For example go, goes, went, going, gone possess different grammatical meanings of tense, person, and so on, but in each of these forms we find one and the same semantic component. 所以，一个词在不同的语境中有不同的语法形式来表达不同的语法意义，但词汇意义却保持不变。 2. Conceptual Meaning Associative Meaning概念意义联想意义 Conceptual meaning is meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word meaning. 概念意义是词典中所给的意义，是词义的核心。 Associative meaning is the secondary meaning supplemented to the conceptual meaning. It differs from the conceptual meaning in that it is open-ended and indeterminate, liable to the influence of such factors as culture, experience, religion, etc. 联想意义是概念意义的补充意义，是次要意义。它受语言外界因素如文化、经历、宗教、地域、出身、教育等的影响而变化，所以是开放性的，是不定的。 What are the sources of associative meanings? The persons who use such lexemes; The settings in which such lexemes are employed; Cultural values associated with the referents of the lexemes; The occurrence of such lexemes in prior texts; Contamination from linguistic collocations; 1) Connotative Meaning 内涵意义 It refers to the overtones or asso