第八章运动与调控ppt.ppt

* (3) intersegmental reflex emitting axons from a segment neurons of spinal cord contacting with adjacent segment neurons, a reflex formed through the adjacent segment neurons collaborative activities, e.g. scratching reflex. * 4. Damage of lower motor neurons lower motor neurons: motor neurons in spinal cord and brain stem movement nucleus which emit axons controlling skeletal muscle activity. upper motor neurons: upper neurons controlling lower motor neurons (including brain stem, basal ganglia, cerebral cortex) * 上、下运动神经元麻痹的主要区别 上运动神经元麻痹 下运动神经元麻痹 (硬瘫、痉挛性瘫、中枢性瘫) (软瘫、萎缩性瘫、周围性瘫) 麻痹程度 不全性麻痹 完全性麻痹 和范围 常较广泛 常较局限 肌紧张 张力过强、痉挛 张力减退、松弛 腱反射 增强 减弱或消失 浅反射 减弱或消失 减弱或消失 病理反射 Babinsks’ sign None 肌萎缩 不明显 明显 * Chapter 8 Motor Functions and Control 概念：运动单位；脊休克；牵张反射；去大脑僵直; α僵直；γ僵直； 脊髓运动神经元的分类和区别； 产生脊休克的原因； 屈肌反射、对侧伸肌反射和巴彬斯基征的意义； 腱反射和肌紧张的反射弧、以及二者的比较； 肌梭、腱器官的结构和适宜刺激； 上、下运动神经元麻痹的主要区别； * * Part 1 Introduction 1. Research methods of motor and regulation Neuraxis methods spinal animal midbrain animal decorticate animal 2. Reflex motion, automatic movement, rhythmic movement reflex motion: involuntary automatic movement: the reaction to sensory stimulation or subjective intention rhythmic movement：begin and stop at will, no consciousness participation after begin * 3. Nervous structure for controlling motor motor system including: lower motor neuron in spinal cord grey matter upper motor neuron in brain stem and cerebral cortex cerebellum and basal ganglia * cortical motor area thalumus basal ganglia cerebellum brain stem spinal cord peripheric receptor muscle contraction other sensory afferent Structures in motor system * 4. Motor control needs sensory info