机械专业英语课件资料.ppt

Unit 24 Drilling Operations Paragraph 1 1.Drilling involves producing through or blind holes in a workpiece by forcing a tool, which rotates around its axis, against the workpiece. 钻是利用绕轴旋转的钻头在工件上生成通孔或盲孔的加工工艺。 2.Consequently, the range of cutting from that axis of rotation is equal to the radius of required hole. 因此，旋转轴的切削范围就等于所钻孔的半径。 3.In practice, two symmetrical cutting edges that rotate about the same axis are employed. 实际上是利用绕同一轴的旋转的两个对称切削刃(棱边)来进行加工的。 Paragraph 2 1.Drilling operations can be carried out by using either hand drills or drilling machines. The latter differ in size and construction. 钻削加工有手钻和钻床两种方式。钻床的大小和结构各不相同。 2.Nevertheless, the tool always rotates around its axis while the workpiece is kept firmly fixed. This is contrary to drilling on a lathe. 然而，钻床加工中钻头总是绕轴旋转而工件保持固定。这与车床上的钻加工相反。 Paragraph 3 1.In drilling operations, a cylindrical rotary-end cutting tool, called a drill, is employed. 在钻加工中，采用了一种圆柱形的、端面旋转的刀具，称为钻头。 2.The drill can have either one or more cutting edges and corresponding flutes, which can be straight or helical. 钻头可能有一个或多个切削刃(棱边)以及直立的或螺旋状的排屑槽。 Paragraph 3 3.The function of the flutes is to provide outlet passages for the chips generated during the drilling operations and also to allow lubricants and coolants to reach the cutting edges and the surface being machined. Following is a survey of the common used drills. 排屑槽的作用就是为钻加工过程中产生的碎片提供出口通道，同时允许润滑剂和冷却剂流到切削刃和被加工的工件表面上。下面是平常所使用钻头的概况。 Paragraph 4 1.Twist drill. The twist drill is the most common type of drill. 螺旋钻(麻花钻).麻花钻是最常用的钻头。 2.It has two cutting edges and two helical flutes that continue over the length of the drill body. 麻花钻具有两个切削刃(棱边)以及两道沿钻体的螺旋槽。 3.The drill also consists of a neck and a shank that can be either straight or tapered. 钻头也包括一个钻颈和一个可为直柄或锥柄的柄部。 Paragraph 4 4.In the latter case, the shank is fitted by the wedge action into the tapered socket of the spindle and has a tang, which goes into a slot in the spindle socket, thus acting as a solid means for tran