第七章土木工程专业文献选读---3.pptVIP

They demonstrate the versatility(n.多功能性，通用性) of the prestressing concept and its all-encompassing(v.包围, 环绕, 包含或包括某事物) application. The success in the development and construction of all these structures has been due in no small measures to the advances in the technology of materials, particularly prestressing steel, and the accumulated knowledge in estimating the short-and long-term losses in the prestressing forces. 它们展示了预应力概念的通用性和全方位应用性。所有这些结构发展和建设的成功主要是由于材料技术的不断进步,尤其是预应力钢筋,以及对预应力短期和长期损失值估计的知识的积累. * Lesson 3 Prestressed Concrete 预应力混凝土 * 1.Concrete is strong in compression, but weak in tension: its tensile strength varies from(不同) 8 to 14 percent of its compressive strength. Due to such a low tensile capacity(受拉承载能力), flexural cracks(挠曲裂缝) develop at early stages of loading. In order to reduce or prevent such cracks from developing, a concentric(adj.同中心的，轴心的) or eccentric force (偏心力)is imposed in the longitudinal direction (轴向)of the structural element. 混凝土的抗压性能强而抗拉性能弱:它的抗拉强度仅仅是它抗压强度的8%-14%不等.由于它如此低的抗拉承载力,在荷载作用的初期挠曲裂缝就会出现。为了减小或阻止这种裂缝的开展,在结构杆件纵向施加一个轴心或偏心的压力. * * This force prevents the cracks from developing by eliminating or considerably(adv.显著地,大大,相当(大，多)地) reducing the tensile stresses(拉[伸]应力，抗拉应力) at the critical(危险的, 临界的) midspan(中跨 截面，部分) and support sections at service load(使用荷载), thereby raising the bending(弯曲, 挠曲), shear(剪力，剪切), and torsional capacities (扭转承载力)of the sections. 这个力(预应力)通过消除或大大减少在使用荷载下跨中或支座的控制截面处产生的拉应力,阻止了(该处)裂缝的开展,因此提高了该截面的(抵抗)弯曲、剪切和扭转的承载能力. * The sections are then able to behave elastically(adv.弹性地), and almost the full capacity of the concrete in compression can be efficiently utilized(vt.利用) across the entire depth of the concrete sections when all loads act on the structure. 然后,这些截面表现为弹性,并且当所有荷载作用在结构上时,可以通过混凝土全截面受压有效地利用混凝土几乎全部的抗压性能。 2.Such an imposed longitudinal force(纵向力) is called a prestressing force, i.e.(也就是), a compressive force that prestresses (vt.给…预加应力)the sections along the span of the struc