Module 5《5th period》文化交流教案（外研必修模块1）.docVIP

文化交流 Fig Newton 　　Newtons Laws of Motion (or The Three Laws of Motion) are liberally quoted. Here are some of the things one hears from time to time: From people in general:　　That object is in equilibrium, so by Newtons First Law, there must be no forces acting on it.　　From a manager in response to observing a backlash to a recent business initiative:　　We should have known that would happen. Newtons Second Law predicts that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.　　From a project manager, remarking on someone elses project:　　That project is definitely in free fall.　　Lets look at these one by one.　　Misapplication of the First Law　　Newtons First Law of Motion says:　　A body at rest or in a state of uniform motion (constant velocity) will stay that way unless acted upon by an external force.　　Note that this means there are no net external forces acting on the body unless precisely stated. Or, to put it another way, there may be external forces acting on the body, but they (the multiple external forces) cancel exactly. When these external forces balance each other, the object is in equilibrium: static equilibrium if the body is at rest, or else equilibrium in uniform motion—that is, in a straight line at constant velocity. So remember: Equilibrium does not mean no forces acting. Equilibrium means, all external forces balance exactly. Of course, internal forces have no effect, as they cancel in pairs by Newtons Second Law, as we shall soon see.　　Let us assume that a lump of coal is moving at constant velocity along the surface of a level table. Ignore for a moment how it came to be in motion, but lets assume it is moving at one inch per hour toward the west.　　Newtons first law tells us that unless we impose some other horizontal force on the lump, it will continue to move at one inch per hour toward the west forever.　　Now, as we pointed out earlier, this defies common sense. In our real world, we would expect the lump of coal to slow down fo