及物和不及物动词的用法.pptVIP

什么是及物动词和不及物动词 ? 英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可把实义动词分成及物动词和不及物动词。 1. 及物动词 (transitive verb)——后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，用vt表示。 如：We planted many trees around our school. 2. 不及物动词(intransitive verb)—— 本身意义完整后面不需跟宾语的实义动词，用vi表示。 如：My watch stopped. 不及物动词后面不能直接跟宾语 My watch stopped. It happened in June， 1932. She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. I used to live in the countryside. The foreigners arrived （at our school this morning）. You must wait (for your turn). 不及物动词只能用于“主＋谓”结构,但是可以加任意状语。 或者理解成：后面需要宾语时，必须加上相应的介词，如to, of , at，on, for 等。 常见的不及物动词 agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed.... 及物动词后面必须跟宾语 A girl opened the door. He reached Paris the day before yesterday. Please hand me the book over there. They asked me to go fishing with them. * 及物动词常用于：主＋谓＋宾；主＋谓＋双宾； 主＋谓＋宾＋宾补结构。 常见的及物动词 buy, catch, dress,find, found, forget, give,invent, like, make,marry, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, serve, take, tell.... 有些动词既可作及物动词， 又可作不及物动词。 1. 意义不变： Everybody , our game begins.（Vi） Let us begin our game. （vt） 类似的还有： start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve.... 有些及物动词后面可加上某些副词，作补语 (补充说明宾语的内容或状态) Thousands of people were at the airport to see them off. Setting the chair aside, he sat on the floor. Last nights strong wind nearly took the roof off! The strikers took over the factories. 如果在句子中需使用及物动词而后面却没有宾语时，怎么办？ eg. The little boy this morning. (dress) 在这个句子中，动词dress后面没有宾语，我们就得考虑以句子主语来充当它的逻辑宾语，所以得使用被动语态。 The little boy this morning. (dress) 有些及物动词后面加上某个副词时，可转化为不及物动词。 2. 意义完全不同： We saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. （vi, 消散） He lifted his glass and drank. （vt, 举起） 类似的有： beat vi.跳动 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长 vt. 种植