第八讲 传递性质的理论与计算.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * §9.4 Thermal Conductivity of LiquidsBridgman’ Theory (1) Physical Picture The liquid molecules are assumed being arranged in a cubic lattice, which is borrowed from the theory of solid structure, with oscillation about their balance position, rotation and vibration about their mass centers. §9.4 Thermal Conductivity of LiquidsBridgman’ Theory (2) A molecule with stronger oscillation, rotation and vibration may influence its neighbors by enhancing their similar motions, which means it may transport its kinetic energy to the neighbors. By this way, the energy of chaotic thermal motion of molecules is transported in the molecular lattice. Meanwhile, if an ordered oscillation of molecules is superposed on the chaotic thermal motion, the energy corresponding to the ordered motion should be transported in the same way. The sound wave is such a motion. §9.4 Thermal Conductivity of LiquidsBridgman’ Theory (3) Mathematic Model In the above physical picture, the kinetic energy of a molecule will be transported a distance, a , in each time of interaction with a neighbor, which is similar to that occurs in the rigid-sphere gas theory. Bridgman then borrowed the expression of thermal conductivity from the simple kinetic theory of gases with a modification that the mean velocity in arbitrary direction, , was replaced by the mean velocity in y-direction, , because the motion in a lattice is not arbitrary. That is §9.4 Thermal Conductivity of LiquidsBridgman’ Theory (4) The heat capacity at constant volume of a liquid molecule is about the same as for a structure particle of solid at high temperature, . The lattice length is approximately . The mean velocity should be equal to the sonic velocity vs. Inserting these into Eq.(9.4-1), we get (9.4-1) (9.4-2) Comparison of this formula with experimental data for polyatomic