本科毕业设计(论文)撰写规范样张论述.doc

一些约束体系量子哈密顿中算符次序问题 摘要 根据微分几何中的曲面论，用两个变量就可以完全参数化一个二维曲面。也就是，当一个粒子约束在曲面上运动时，只需要两个独立的变量就可以完全刻画粒子的运动。 …… …… ……发现规范相因子会自然出现在动能算符中。 关键词：量子力学；算符次序；厄密算符；正则量子化；规范变换  THE OPERATOR ORDERING PROBLEM IN QUANTUM HAMITONIAN FOR SOME CONSTRAINT SYSTEMS ABSTRACT According to surface theory in differential geometry, the two-dimensional surface is parameterized by two variables. This is, when a particle moves on the surface, only two variables suffice to describe the motion of the particle. 厖 厖 iaKey words: quantum mechanics; operator ordering; Hermitian operator; canonical quantization; gauge trans