电磁场与电磁波第10讲电流密度电动势电压电流定理-wb浅析.ppt

Field and Wave Electromagnetics 电磁场与电磁波;1. Poisson’s and Laplace’s Equations;3. Method of Images ;Main topic Steady Electric Currents;1. Current Density and Ohm’s Law;The amount of charge ?Q passing through the element of surface ?S with the time ?t, is;Define vector current density(电流密度矢量):;电流场：大块导体中各点的电流密度矢量 J，在不同的点有不同的大小和方向，给定空间每一点处的电流密度矢量J的大小和方向，构成一个矢量场，即：电流场。;In the case of conduction currents there may be more than one kind one charge carriers drifting with different velocities ;---resistance电阻;The conductivities of several media unit in S/m;高温超导材料的简介;高温超导材料的简介;高温超导材料制备所面临的问题：;;This equation is a constitutive relation of the conducting medium. Isotropic materials for which the linear relation holds are called ohmic media. It is generally referred to as the point form of Ohm’s law. It holds at all points in space. The unit for? is ampere per volt-meter (A/V·m), or siemens per meter (S/m). The reciprocal of conductivity is called resistivity, in ohm-meter (?·m). ;2. Electromotive Force and Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law;Chemical action creates a cumulation of positive and negative charges at electrodes 1 and 2, respectively. These charges give rise to an electrostatic field intensity E both outside and inside the battery. Inside the battery, E must be equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the nonconservative Ei produced by chemical action, since no current flows in the open-circuited battery and the net force acting on the charge carriers must vanish.;The electromotive force is a measure of the strength of the nonconservative source, denoted by ?, we have;E;3. Equation of Continuity and Kirchhoff’s Current Law;Since the equation must hold regardless of the choice of V, the integrands must be equal. Thus we have;We are now in a position to prove this statement and to calculate the time it takes to reach an equilibrium.;summary;3. Equation of Continuity and Kirchhoff’s Current Law;homework;体电流密度定义J：电荷在一定体积空间内流动所形成的电流成为体电流；穿过某截面的电荷流动除快慢不同外，方向可能不同，体电流在横截面上形成一种分