第6讲：科技翻译-final总结.pptVIP

;比 较 ;专用科技文体;1. 语义客观 (1)语义结构显性化 原文：The specimen can be inserted between pieces of similar hardness; the sample can be plated; when using casting resins, a slurry of resin and alumina made for just this purpose can be poured around the specimen; the specimen can be surrounded by shot, small revetment rings, etc., about the same hardness. 译文：试样可夹在具有同样硬度的工件之间，可镀层。当用充填料时，可将树脂与矾土的浆料注入试样周围，使试样被短小的护壁、环状填料（硬度差不多）等所包围。 ;试比较;(2) 非人称化 Such a small experiment was designed merely to establish whether the approach was safe.;As oil is found deep in the ground its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rock structure must be carried out. If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil, a “drilling rig” is assembled. The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called a “derrick”. It is used to lift the sections of pipe, which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the insides from falling in. If oil is struck, a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is lowed to the escape through a series of valves. ;;“这种不带人称、时间、语气特征的抽象而令人费解的文体（“行为抽象名词”）主要用于学术研究。它有利于人们表达深刻的哲理，却不适用于人们的日常生活”。 这种名词“是表达科学思想的一种工具”。（O. Jesperson）（The philosophy of Grammar, 1924） ;;结构严密 原文：Protection against complete structural failure is achieved in three different ways: first, by proper selection of material, especially in high load areas, to provide a consistent slow rate of crack propagation, and high residual strength; second, by providing such multipath structure on the airplane that the loss of any one segment would not endanger the airplane; and third, by providing readily accessible structure which can be inspected and maintained properly. ? 译文：用三种方法来防止整个结构的损坏：一、适当选用材料，特别是在高载荷区的材料，要具有一致的、迟缓的裂痕扩散速率特性以及高剩余强度；二、采用多路传力结构，使某一局部损坏不危急整个飞机；三、使结构具有易卸性，便于检查与维修。 ;;普通科技文体;1. 用词平易 用常用词代替专业词 例：Scientists have made maps showing the “earthquake belts