语言学流派教案总结.docVIP

Course goal: to achieve an awareness of the fact that our current understanding of language is the result of a long intellectual history during which language has been studied, described and thought in numerous ways, so that we can, more insightfully, build up our knowledge of linguistics by drawing upon all possible perspectives of linguisitics contemplation and conduct linguistic researches with more inspiration. Chapter 1 Philology in China 1.1 philology linguisitics 1.1.1 purposes of philology a) divergence of oral and written: annotation to classics and more detailed noting to annotation b) learning to read and write (小学) six categories: self-explanatory, pictographic, pictographic-phonetic, ideographic, mutually explanatory, phonetic loan 1.1.2 object of philology written characters or codes 1.1.3 linguistics: history object of studies purpose of studies methodology of studies 1.2 some philosophic thinkings about language before Qin dynasty: 荀子《正名篇》： “名无固宜，约之以命，约定俗成为之宜，异于约则为之不宜。名无固实，约之以命。约定俗成谓之实名。” “凡同类同精者，其天官之意物也同，故比方之疑似而通。是所以共其约名以相期也。” “散名之加于万物者，则从诸夏之成俗。曲期，远方异俗之乡则因之而为通。” “若有王者起，必将有循于旧名，有作于新名。” “故万物虽众，有时而欲徧举之，故谓之物。物者也，大共名也。推而共之，共则有共，至于无共然后止。有时而欲徧举之，故谓之鸟兽。鸟兽也者，大别名也。推而别之，别则有别，至于无别然后止。” 墨子 （Mo School）: about concepts: 达（category）、类（subcategory）、私（individual concepts） 以名举实 以辞抒意 以说出故 1.3 contemplation about the relation between words and sounds, between form and sense： 锦：金也，作之用功重，其价如金，故其制字从帛从金。 景：竟也，所照之处有竟限也。 （ref） 1.4 some influential classic philological works in China 1.4.1《尔雅》（the first collection of lexical exegetics） “古文读应尔雅， 故解古今语而可知也。” hence，the exegetical principles of Erya: 释雅以俗，释古以今。 structure: 19卷：释诂；释言；释训；释亲；释宫… 训诂：周末鲁国人毛亨《诗故训传》，故：言 和诂；汉朝初期倒言为“训诂”。 《释诂》： 林、烝、天、帝、皇、王、后、辟、公、侯，君也。 如、适、之、嫁、徂、逝，往也。 《释言》： 还、复，返