英文部分修辞程序.pptVIP

转喻法（metonymy） 提喻法(synecdoche)  讲解及举例对比分析 * 1.转喻的定义与用法 metonymy：the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another with which it is closely associated. 而这两种事物之间有着密切相关的联系。转喻通常用下列十种方式指代。 用某一事物的名称代替另一事物的名称的修辞手法叫做转喻或借代。 ?根据人名或商品品牌名： Uncle Sam(山姆大叔)——Americans or the American government(美国人/美国政府) John Bull(约翰牛)——the English nation or a typical Englishman(英国/地道英国人) He is reading Shakespeare. 他在读莎士比亚（作品） （Shakespeare’s works 用作者指代作品） He went in debt just to keep up with the Joneses.他为了玉邻里攀比而负债。 （Joneses ：neighbors 用“琼斯家”指代“邻里”） ?根据实物名称 Finally she married money. 她最终嫁给了有钱人。 （a rich man用“钱”指代“有钱人”） I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day. 我住在飞机场附近，日夜可听到过往的飞机声。 （the noise made by passing planes用“过往的飞机”指代“噪音”） ?根据动植物名称 The big apple(大苹果)——New York city(纽约市) Russian bear(俄国熊)——Russians or the Russian government(俄国/俄国政府) British lion(英国狮)——England or the English government(英国/英国政府) The flower of the nation was sent off to war.该国的壮小伙子都被送去打仗了。 The flower 通常用来指代“精英”“精华”等。在句中，它被用来指代“壮小伙子”The strong young men. ④根据工具名 The pen is mightier than the sword. 文章胜武力。 Books and writing armed force (用“笔”指代“文章”，用“剑”指代“武力”) Only the knife can save him.只有手术能够挽救他。 Operation 用手术刀指代手术 ⑤根据职业名 I could not hear the actors. 我听不见演员的台词。 The words of the actors （用演员指代台词） Some students were talking loudly in class that I could not hear the teacher clearly.一些学生在课上大声说话我听不清老师讲课。 （用老师指代老师的课） ⑥根据装东西的容器或容器里所装的东西 He is too fond of the bottle. 他太喜欢喝酒了。 Wine 用容器“瓶”指代内含物质“酒” The kettle is boiling水开了 The water in the kettle 用容器“壶”指代内含物质“水” His purse would not allow him that luxury. 他钱包里的钱不允许他那么奢侈。 The money in his purse 用钱包指代它里面所装的“钱” Two beers, please.请来两杯啤酒。 Two glasses of beer. 用内含的物质“啤酒”指代容器“杯”。 ⑦根据身体的部位 Brain drain. 人才流失 Talent 用大脑指代人才 Grey hairs should be respected.老年人应该受到尊敬。 Old people 头发是人体的一部分，七千家乐形容词“灰白的”之后，具有一种象征意义，常用来指代“老年人”。 ⑧根据典型实物借代职业 He d