“入世”和中国农产品贸易问题研究.pdf

Abstract Agriculture is the basic industry of China’s national economy Trade on agricultural products has been occupying a significant position in China’s foreign trade．Joining WTO mearlS tEat the overall environment of China’s agricultural production and trade has been changed The introduction and adoption of new trade rules severely challenges China’s agricultural production and uade This thesis researches the influences and challenges the entry of WTO has brought to China，and tries to give policy suggestions to deal with the challenges In the first chapter,by elaborating WTO agricultural trade rules and China’s promises when admixed to WTO，the thesis analyzes what WTO means to China’s agriculture and trade of ascultural products．In the second chapter,by analyzing data of Hade on amicultural products of the last two years，it concludes that，although agricultural products imports ha；e increased after joining WTO，China’s a鲥cultural production and trade has not been significantly threatened In the third chapter，by comparing China and US‘s comparative advantage in agricultural produmion，it concludes that China is facing great pressure in the long run and it has to reshape its agricultural industry and improve its comparative advantages In the third chapter,the thesis offers some policy suggestions to beaer manage and promote China’s trade on agricultural products． Key Words：Entry．into WTO．Agriculture Trade，Research 第一章 “入世”对中国农产品贸易的挑战 自t986年开始的乌拉圭回合谈判在农产品贸易自由化上取得了重大突破，达成了 一系列农产品贸易协议。这是世界农业与农产品贸易发展的必然结果，也是世界贸易 自由化的进一步深化。 第～节 WTO农产品贸易规则 WTO农产品贸易规则主要体现在WTO《农业协议》和各成员共同制定的《乌拉 圭回合协议书》后所附的减让表中。当然，货物贸易多边协定中的基本原则、法律规 定对农产品贸易也同样适用。概括的讲，WTO农产品贸易规则涵盖了4个方面的主要 内容：农产品市场准入、农产品国内支持、农产品出口补贴、卫生和植物检疫规则。 一、农产品市场准入规则 所谓市场准入，即一国对进口产品开放其市场。在乌拉圭回合谈判结束之前，对 农产品市场准入的限制非常严重。这些限制经常以关税及非关税措施的形式出现，包 括数量限制、进口差价税(Variable Import Duties)、最低进口价格、随意性进口许可、 通过国营贸易出现的非关税措施、自愿出口限制等。但WTO《农业协议》及其他相关 协议对这些关税及非关税措旎进行了非常严格的限制，具体表现在以下几个方面。 (一)非关税措施关税化 乌拉圭回合在农产品市场准入谈判方面最显著的成果，就是确立关税化原则。《农 业协议》只允许使用关税这个手段对农产品贸易进行限制，也