吸附20110517绪论.ppt

活性炭吸附 ADSORPTION Absorption: the process of accumulating substances that are in solution on a suitable interface. Absorbate: the substance that is being removed from the liquid phase at the interface. Absorbent: the solid, liquid or gas phase onto which the adsorbate accumulates. Adsorption is used in drinking water treatment to remove organic contaminants: Taste and odor-causing chemicals Synthetic organic chemicals Color forming organics Some disinfection by-produce precursors Adsorption is used in wastewater treatment as a polishing process for water that has already received normal biological treatment to remove a portion of the remaining dissolved organic matter. Historical Development Absorption process was first observed in solution by Lowitz in 1785 and was soon applied as a process for removal of color from sugar during refining. In the latter half of the nineteenth century, charcoal adsorbers were used in U.S. water treatment plants. The first GAC units for treatment of water supplies were constructed in Hamm, Germany in 1929 and Bay City, Michigan, in 1930. Powdered activated carbon was first used in municipal water treatment in New Milford, New Jersey, in 1930 and its use became widespread in the next decades, primarily for taste and odor control. During the mid-1970s, interest in adsorption as a process for removal of organics from drinking water as heightened because the public became increasingly concerned about water sources that were contaminated by industrial wastes, agricultural chemicals, and municipal discharges. Another major concern was the formation of DBPs during chlorination of water containing background organic matter. It has been found that activated carbon can be effective in removing some of the BDP precursors. 一、 吸附原理 吸附剂：固体表面有吸附水中溶解及胶体物质的能力,比表面积很大的活性炭等具有很高的吸附能力。 两种吸附往往是相伴发生，而不能严格分开，是综合作用的结果，可能存在以某种吸附为主。 吸附剂 粉末状活性炭 粒状活性炭（园柱状、球状），粒径2~4mm 主要有活性炭、磺化煤、沸石、硅藻土、焦炭、木炭等。 活性炭的制造 木材、煤、果壳 高温炭化 隔绝空气，600℃ 炭渣 活性炭 活化,800~900℃ 活化剂：ZnCl