英语语法之时态和体.ppt

Verb Tenses and Aspects Tense 时态 1. Definition It refers to the absolute location of an event or action in time, either the present or the past. 时表示动作发生的时间 2. There are only two tenses in English: present and past. Aspect 体 1. Definition It refers to how an event or action is to be viewed with respect to time, rather than to its actual loation in time. 体表示动作发生的状态，动作是进行中还是已经完成。 2. There is perfective aspect完成体, progressive aspect进行体 and perfect progressive aspect完成进行体. A. 有些表示感觉、感情、情绪、精神活动、拥有关系等的动词，一般不用进行时态，常见的这类词有： 表示感知的：hear, feel, notice, smell 表示意愿情感的：hate, like, love，want, prefer 表示思考看法的： believe,expect, forget, realize, 表示所有：consist, belong to, possess, hold。 例如： She is resembling her mother. (误) She resembles her mother. (正) I am knowing he is wrong. (误) I know he is wrong. (正) 下列句型中常用现在完成时： 1. It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since从句 2. This(That / It)is the first(second…)time that + 完成时 3. This(That / It)is the only … + that + 完成时 4. This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting … + that 从句 + 完成时 这是我第一次听她唱歌。 This is the first time that I’ve heard her sing. 这将是我第二次看这部电影。 It will be the second time I’ve seen the film. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 It is the best film I’ve ever seen. 这是他写的最有趣的小说。 This is the most interesting novel he has ever written. 过去完成时 常用过去完成时的几种情况： A. 在by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。 E.g. By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station. B. 表示“一……就”的几个句型： Hardly / Scarcely/ No sooner had + 主语 + 过去分词 + when / than 一般过去时。 She had hardly gone to bed when the bell rang. 她一上床铃就响了。 No sooner had they left the building than a bomb exploded. 他们刚离开那座大楼，炸弹就爆炸了。 将来完成时 表示将来某一时刻或某一时刻之前完成的动作或所处的状态。 构成：shall(will) +have +过去分词 By the time/the end of +表示将来时间的短语 Before the end of +表示将来时间的短语 明天的这个时候你就会到上海了。 By this time tomorrow you ___________ (arrive) in Shang Hai. A: will have arrived 完成进行时态 完成进行时可以分为三种：现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时、将来完成进行时。 现在完成进行时： have/has been + 现在分词，表