补充责任.docVIP

论侵权责任的补充责任 ——以《侵权责任法》为中心 内容摘要： 2009年12月26日出台的《中华民共和国侵权责任法》从法律适用规则、内部责任份额和立法技术规则等角度可以发现该法具有一个突出特点，即“一般与特殊”的立法结构。一般数人侵权责任分担制度包括安分责任形态和连带责任形态，特殊数人侵权责任分担制度包括补充责任形态和不真正连带责任形态。在其第四章“关于责任主体的特殊规定”中以法律的形式进一步确立和扩展了侵权补充责任。但补充责任的理论化，制度化和体系化，仍是十分复杂而艰巨的法学课题。补充责任形态在《侵权责任法》中只有列举了三项情形，具有较大的局限性，因此需设立一般条款来扩展补充责任的适用情形。同时对于补充责任人是否享有追偿权及对于补充责任的诉讼形态应该做出明确的解释，以便于司法机关更好的行使各自的职权。 关键词：侵权责任法 补充责任 追偿权 完善 Abstract: Introduced the people Republic of China on December 26, 2009 from the legal rules applicable to the tort liability Act, the share of internal responsibility and the legislative rules can be found in terms of technology has an outstanding feature of the Act, namely General and special of the legislative structure. Several tort system consists of ones proper sphere liability forms of shared responsibility and joint liability form, special persons sharing system including supplementary liability tort liability form and not a real joint and several liability form. In the fourth chapter on the subject of special provisions in the form of a legal establishment and further extends the supplementary liability for tort. Supplementary liability theory, institutionalized and systematic, of the law is very complex and difficult topic. Added only in the form of liability in the tort liability Act lists three scenarios, with greater limitations, requiring the establishment of General provisions to extend the supplementary liability exclusion. At the same time for a supplementary person has the right of recourse against forms and supplementary liability litigation should make a clear explanation in order to better exercise of their respective powers and the judicial authorities. Keywords: tort liability law additional liability salved perfect 一、补充责任概述 如何界定补充责任，学术界对此众说纷纭。笔者归纳了学者对补充责任概念比较有代表性的描述，并进行分析。 李由义教授在其主编的《民法学》教科书第八篇“民事责任”中区分主责任和补充责任，认为补充责任是指对主责任的补充赔偿责任。即对主责任人赔偿不足部分承担补充赔偿的责任。近年出版的民法学著作给补充责任下的定义是：“在责任人的财产不足以承担其应负的民事责任时，由有关的人对不足部分依法予以补充的责任。张新宝教授仅就侵权责任的补充责任下定义：“在加害人能够确定的情况下，应该有加害人来承担责任，补充责任