IntroductiontoWirelessSensorNetworks.pptVIP

Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Presented by Sushanth Sivaram Vallath The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it. - The late Mark Weiser, Father of Ubiquitous Computing and Chief Technologist of Xerox PARC Wireless Sensors What are sensor networks spatially distributed sensors to monitor conditions at different locations, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants. Platforms Berkeley Motes Tiny OS nesC Ns-2 TOSSIM Applications of WSN Temperature Humidity Vehicular movement Pressure Noise levels Mechanical stress levels on attached objects Speed, direction Etc… Factors Influencing Sensor Network Design Fault tolerance Scalability Operating environment Sensor network topology Transmission media Power consumption Sensors Representation Communication Graph Sensors are nodes Link between the sensors are the edges Routing Protocols LEACH Directed Diffusion PEGASIS TEEN APTEEN Etc… Sensor Issues Energy Constraint High Communication cost Lot of other issues Management Issues Conversion of data to Information Data access control SQL Underlying routing protocol transparent to user Some routing protocols are considered to be aggregation protocols (implicit aggregation) Sensor Database SQL type interface SELECT avg(temperature), room, FROM sensors WHERE building = “Nedderman Hall” ORDER BY temperature GROUP BY room SAMPLING PERIOD 10 min SQL type interfaces Cougar TinyDB Approximations Query Propagation Data Centric Storage Aging Data Query scenario Efficiency achieved through In-network aggregation Different types of queries Fully aggregated queries Un-aggregated queries Partially aggregated queries Fully aggregated queries Theorem: Finding maximum lifetime routing tree for fully aggregated queries with reception costs is NP-complete. Similar to Minimum Degree Spanning Tree(MDST) which is kno