直接间接引语简介.ppt

* 直接引语和间接引语 直接引语： 说话人在转述别人的话时，可以一字不漏的加以引用，被引用的话在语法上叫做直接引语。例如： 1）John said, “ I am going to London with my father.” 2）She said, “ We have a lot of time to do the work.” 间接引语： 说话人用自己的话转述别人的话时，可以对原话有所改动。例如： 1）John said that he was going to London with his father. 2）She said that they had a lot of time to do the work. 一）祈使句变为动词不定式. 即: ask/ tell sb. (not) to do sth. 例如： 直接引语 间接引语 1）The teacher said to the boy, “Open the window.” 1）The teacher told the boy to open the window. 2）His father said to him, “Don’t leave the door open.” 2）His father told him not to leave the door open.　　 二）陈述句变为以 that 引导的宾语从句,例如： 直接引语 间接引语 1）She said, “Our train will arrive in five minutes.” 1）She said that their train would arrive in five minutes.　 2）He said, “I’m very busy.”　 2）He said that he was very busy.　 三）特殊疑问句变为由who, what, when 等疑问词引导的宾语从句。例句： 直接引语 间接引语 1）George said, “When will you get back from London, John?” 1）George asked John when he would get back from London.　　　　　 2）He said, “Where are you going, Xiao Li?”　　 2）He asked Xiao Li where he was going. 四) 一般疑问句变成 if (whether是否) 引导的宾语从句。例如： 直接引语 间接引语 1）He said, “ Can you swim, John?” 1）He asked John if he could swim.　 2）The teacher said, “ Have you all understood me?” 2）The teacher asked the class if they had all understood her. 一. 时态问题 1. 如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语的原来时态。 例如： 直接引语 间接引语 1）He says, “I am very busy today.” 1）He says that he is very busy today.　 2）He will say, “ I have watered the flowers.” 2）He will say that he has watered the flowers. 2. 如果主句谓语动词为过去时，则间接引语中的动词应由现在时变为过去时。即:(时态呼应) 1）一般现在时变为一般过去时： 2）现在进行时变为过去进行时： 3）一般将来时变为过去将来时： 4）现在完成时变为过去完成时： 5）过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时。 1) “I have received the letter,” Tom said to me. 1) Tom told me that he had received the letter . 2)He said,”I’m leaving for Be