红外传感器及其测量技术综述研讨.docx

摘 要 将红外辐射能转换成电能的光敏元件称为红外传感器，也常称为红外探测器。红外传感器是利用物体产生红外辐射的特性，实现自动检测的传感器。在物理学中，我们已经知道可见光、不可见光、红外光及无线电等都是电磁波，其中红外线又称红外光，它具有反射、折射、散射、干涉、吸收等性质。任何物质，只要它本身具有一定的温度（高于绝对零度），都能辐射红外线。红外传感器测量时不与被测物体直接接触，因而不存在摩擦，并且有灵敏度高，响应快等优点。 红外探测器是将入射的红外辐射信号转变成电信号输出的器件。红外辐射是波长介于可见光与微波之间的电磁波，人眼察觉不到。要察觉这种辐射的存在并测量其强弱，必须把它转变成可以察觉和测量的其他物理量。一般说来，红外辐射照射物体所引起的任何效应，只要效果可以测量而且足够灵敏，均可用来度量红外辐射的强弱。现代红外探测器所利用的主要是红外热效应和光电效应，大致分为两类：热传感器和光子传感器，这些效应的输出大都是电量，或者可用适当的方法转变成电量。 红外技术是在最近几十年中发展起来的一门新兴技术。它常用于无接触温度测量、气体成分分析和无损探伤。由于红外探测技术有其独特的优点从而使其在军事国防和民用领域得到了广泛的研究和应用，尤其是在军事需求的牵引和相关技术发展的推动下，作为高新技术的红外探测技术在未来的应用将更加广泛，地位更加重要。 Abstract The infrared radiation is converted into electrical energy photosensitive member called infrared sensors, also often referred to as an infrared detector. Infrared sensor is the use of objects to produce infrared radiation characteristics, automatic detection of sensors. n physics, we already know that the visible, not visible light, infrared light and radio are all electromagnetic waves, including infrared, also known as infrared light, which has a reflection, refraction, scattering, interference, absorption properties. Any substance, so long as it itself has a certain temperature (above absolute zero), infrared radiation can. When measuring the infrared sensor is not in direct contact with the object to be measured, and therefore there is no friction, and high sensitivity, quick response. Infrared detector is a device that converts infrared radiation signal into an electrical signal. Infrared radiation is electromagnetic wavelengths between visible light and microwave between imperceptible to the human eye. To detect the presence of this radiation and measure its strength, it must be converted into other physical quantities can be detected and measured. In general, any effect of infrared radiation caused by the object, as long as the effects can be measured and sufficiently sensitive, can be used to measure the intensity of infrared radiation. Modern infrared detectors utilized mainly infr