发达国家农产品技术性贸易壁垒：案例分析和对策研究.pdfVIP

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS TBT IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES:CASES ANALYSIS AND CHINA’S COUNTERMEASURES ABSTRACT The sanitary requirement of agricultural products is increasingly concerned, as an very important technical barrier of trade, WTO/SPS was adopted by countries to restrict the international trade of agricultural products for the purpose of protecting the life and health of human being, animal and plant, SPS is not only the sovereign rights of a country, at the same time, it is a prerequisite to keep the normal international trade. However, some countries set up barrier to impose restrictions on the trade by means of raising the SPS standards and requirements arbitrarily. How to break the TBT Technical Barriers to Trade of developed countries was a urgently strategic question to our country. Agricultural products trade dispute cases solved by DSU and diplomatic negotiation were analyzed in this paper to provide proposals of china agricultural product response TBT challenge. The proposals including establish specialized organization to carry out DSU, set up all-process-monitored system to guarantee the quality and safety of export agricultural products, and protect the agricultural ecosystem, etc. KEY WORDS: WTO/SPS agricultural products WTO/TBT DSU diplomatic negotiation 1 前言 中国的肉类 蔬菜 水果等劳动密集型产品 由于具有较强的比较优势 曾经被业内人士预 期在加入世界贸易组织 WTO 后具有巨大的出口潜力 但自 2002年以来这些产品却频频遭遇技 术壁垒 出口形势严峻 如浙江舟山冻虾仁因检查出极微量的氯霉素被欧盟退货索赔 欧盟兽医 委员会还宣布禁止从中国进口虾 兔和家禽肉等动物源性食品 日本对从中国进口的蔬菜实行批 批检验的苛刻检验措施 中国出口欧盟的蜂蜜又被以 抗生素超标 为由遭到 封杀 随后 日本 加拿大 美国等也加强了对中国蜂蜜的检验 如何突破发达国家以质量 卫生和技术标准 等为借口的技术性贸易壁垒 使中国具有比较优势的劳动密集型产品转变成竞争优势和出口现 实 是目前亟待解决的战略问题 [1] 技术性贸易壁垒 TBT 动植物卫生检疫措施 SPS 原本是为了保护国家经济安全 保护 人类 动植物的生命或健康 保护环境 防止经济欺诈行为 但长期以来 TBT/SPS 协议被一些 实行农业贸易保护主义的国家所利用 使国际农产品贸易环境日趋恶化 发达国家的技术性贸易 壁垒在最近几年越演越烈 本课题主要研究 TBT/SPS 贸易争端案例 如加拿大诉澳大利亚鲑鱼案,称澳大利亚设置不合 理壁垒阻止加拿大鲑鱼进口,此案历时五年最终澳大利亚败诉,加拿大鲑鱼可以顺利进入澳方市 场,但澳大利亚合理利用了诉讼规则争取了五年时间使国内企业有了足够的应对时间 另一案例 是我国的新鲜松茸被日方检出农残超标而遭全面封杀 由于新鲜松茸都为天然野生 不应有农药 残留 我国相关政府部门通力协作 合理举证通过谈判和协商使日方