8土木工程专业英语7研讨.pptVIP

* How flexibility of buildings affects their earthquake response? 建筑的柔性是如何影响他们的地震响应？ * The building will oscillate back and forth horizontally and after some time come back to the original position; these oscillations are periodic. 建筑会在水平方向发生来回震荡，经过一段时间回复到初始位置。这种震荡是周期性的。 * The time taken for each complete cycle of oscillation ( i.e., one complete back and forth motion) is the same and is called fundamental natural period T of the building. 震荡的每个完整周期(即一个完整的来回运动)所耗费的时间是相同的。这个时间称为建筑的基本自然周期。 * Value of T depends on the building flexibility and mass; more the flexibility, the longer is the T, and more the mass, the longer is the T. 基本自然周期T的大小取决于建筑物的柔韧性和质量；柔韧性越大，周期越长，质量越大，周期越长。 * In general, taller buildings are more flexible and have larger mass, and therefore have a longer T. On the contrary, low to medium rise buildings generally have shorter T (less than 0.4 sec). 一般来讲，较高的建筑柔性更大，并且有更大的质量，从而有更长的自然周期。相反，中、低层建筑一般来讲自然周期较短(小于0.4s)。 * Any alterations made to the building will change its T. Fundamental natural periods T of normal single story to 20 story buildings are usually in the range 0.05-2.00sec. 对建筑的任何改变都会改变它的自然周期。一般的单层建筑到20层的建筑的基本自然周期大概分布在0.05~2.00秒。 * The ground shaking during an earthquake contains a mixture of many sinusoidal waves of different frequencies, ranging from short to long periods. 地震中地面的震动包含了一系列不同频率的正弦波，既有短周期也有长周期的。 * The time taken by the wave to complete one cycle of motion is called period of the earthquake wave. 地震波完成一个周期运动的时间称为地震波的周期。 * Intensity of earthquake waves at a particular building location depends on a number of factors, including the magnitude of the earthquake, the epicentral distance, and the type of ground that the earthquake waves travelled through before reaching the location of interest. 某一个位置上地震波的强度取决于一系列的因素，包括地震的震级，震中距，地震波到达所关注位置之前经过的地层的类别。 * If the ground is shaken back and forth by earthquake waves that have short periods, then short period buildings will have large response. 如果含有短周期的地震波使得地面来回震动，那么短周期的建筑就会有较大的反应。 * S