第二章过程和生命周期的建模.docVIP

【】the meaning of process 过程的含义 A process defines who is doing what, when and how, in order to reach a certain goal. 过程定义了谁在作什么，什么时间怎样作。以便完成一个确定的目标。 2、 What is Process? A Series of steps involving activities, constraints, and resources that produce an intended output of some kind.一系列涉及到活动、约束和资源的步骤，他们产生某种类型的有目的的输出。 3、Process Characteristics？过程的特征 The process prescribes all of the major process activities 过程规定了所有主要过程活动 Process uses resources, subject to a set of constraints such as schedule ,and produces intermediate and final products 过程使用资源、服从于一组约束 比如进度约束 ，产生中间结果和最终产品。 The process may be composed of subprocesses that are linked in some way. The process may be defined as a hierarchy of processes, organized so that each subprocess has its own process model 可由子过程组成，这些子过程用某种方式链接起来。过程可以定义为分层的过程等级结构，以便每个子过程具有自己的过程模型。 Each process activity has entry and exit criteria , so that we know when the activity begins and ends. 每个过程活动具有有入口和出口标准，这样可以知道活动何时开始及何时结束。 The activities are organized in a sequence, so that it is clear when one activity is performed relative to the other activities. 活动以一定顺序组织，因此，一个活动相对于其他活动何时完成是很清楚的。 Every process has a set of guiding principles that explain the goals of each activity 每个过程具有一系列的指导原则，以解释每个活动的目标 Constraints or controls may apply to an activity, resource or product 约束与控制可以应用到任何活动、资源或产品中。 4、Why software process modeling? Writes down a description of development process, forms a common understanding of the activities, resources, and constraints involved in software development. 形成对软件开发中涉及到的活动、资源和约束的共同理解。 Helps the development team find inconsistencies, redundancies, and omissions in the process and in its constituent parts. 有助于开发小组发现过程及其组织成分中的不一致、冗余和遗漏。 The model reflects the goals of development, such as building high-quality software finding faults early in development, and meeting required budget and schedule constraints. 反映开发的目标 如构建高质量软件、早期发现错误、满足预算和开发进度 。 Every process should be tailored for the special situation in which it will b